diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbContext/DbContext.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbContext/DbContext.cs
index efcbcc5f..e28fb174 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbContext/DbContext.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbContext/DbContext.cs
@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@ namespace FreeSql
     public abstract partial class DbContext : IDisposable
     {
         internal DbContextScopedFreeSql _ormScoped;
-        internal IFreeSql OrmOriginal => _ormScoped?._originalFsql ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql");
+        internal IFreeSql OrmOriginal => _ormScoped?._originalFsql ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(DbContextStrings.ConfigureUseFreeSql);
 
         /// <summary>
         /// 该对象 Select/Delete/Insert/Update/InsertOrUpdate 与 DbContext 事务保持一致，可省略传递 WithTransaction
         /// </summary>
-        public IFreeSql Orm => _ormScoped ?? throw new ArgumentNullException("请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql");
+        public IFreeSql Orm => _ormScoped ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(DbContextStrings.ConfigureUseFreeSql);
 
         #region Property UnitOfWork
         internal bool _isUseUnitOfWork = true; //是否创建工作单元事务
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         void CheckEntityTypeOrThrow(Type entityType)
         {
             if (OrmOriginal.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(entityType) == null)
-                throw new ArgumentException($"参数 data 类型错误 {entityType.FullName} ");
+                throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterDataTypeError(entityType.FullName));
         }
         /// <summary>
         /// 添加
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSet.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSet.cs
index 80d68252..a1f5f891 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSet.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSet.cs
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ namespace FreeSql
         /// <returns></returns>
         public DbSet<TEntity> AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("ISelect.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("DbSet"));
             if (entityType == _entityType) return this;
             var newtb = _db.OrmOriginal.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
             _entityType = entityType;
-            _tablePriv = newtb ?? throw new Exception("DbSet.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _tablePriv = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("DbSet"));
             _tableIdentitysPriv = null;
             _tableReturnColumnsPriv = null;
             return this;
@@ -197,11 +197,11 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public void AttachRange(IEnumerable<TEntity> data)
         {
             if (data == null || data.Any() == false) return;
-            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"不可附加，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data.First())}");
+            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data.First())));
             foreach (var item in data)
             {
                 var key = _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityKeyString(_entityType, item, false);
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) throw new Exception($"不可附加，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, item)}");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, item)));
 
                 _states.AddOrUpdate(key, k => CreateEntityState(item), (k, ov) =>
                 {
@@ -236,9 +236,9 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public Dictionary<string, object[]> CompareState(TEntity newdata)
         {
             if (newdata == null) return null;
-            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"不可比较，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, newdata)}");
+            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, newdata)));
             var key = _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityKeyString(_entityType, newdata, false);
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) throw new Exception($"不可比较，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, newdata)}");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, newdata)));
             if (_states.TryGetValue(key, out var oldState) == false || oldState == null)
                 return _table.ColumnsByCs.ToDictionary(a => a.Key, a => new object[]
                 {
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             }
             if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false)
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可添加，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider.InsertProvider<TEntity>.AuditDataValue(this, data, _db.OrmOriginal, _table, null);
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                     default:
                         if (_tableIdentitys.Length == 1 && _table.Primarys.Length == 1)
                             return true;
-                        if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可添加，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                        if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                         return false;
                 }
             }
@@ -327,14 +327,14 @@ namespace FreeSql
             {
                 if (_states.ContainsKey(key))
                 {
-                    if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可添加，已存在于状态管理：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                    if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                     return false;
                 }
                 if (_db.OrmOriginal.Ado.DataType == DataType.ClickHouse) return true;
                 var idval = _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityIdentityValueWithPrimary(_entityType, data);
                 if (idval > 0)
                 {
-                    if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可添加，自增属性有值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                    if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                     return false;
                 }
             }
@@ -361,19 +361,19 @@ namespace FreeSql
             }
             if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false)
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可更新，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider.UpdateProvider<TEntity>.AuditDataValue(this, data, _db.OrmOriginal, _table, null);
             var key = _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityKeyString(_entityType, data, false);
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可更新，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             if (_states.TryGetValue(key, out var tryval) == false)
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可更新，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询 或者 Attach：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             return true;
@@ -399,13 +399,13 @@ namespace FreeSql
             }
             if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false)
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可删除，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             var key = _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityKeyString(_entityType, data, false);
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
             {
-                if (isThrow) throw new Exception($"不可删除，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (isThrow) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
                 return false;
             }
             //if (_states.TryGetValue(key, out var tryval) == false) {
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetAsync.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetAsync.cs
index 47cd6777..13533430 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetAsync.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetAsync.cs
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                     case DataType.ShenTong:
                         await DbContextFlushCommandAsync(cancellationToken);
                         var rets = await this.OrmInsert(data).ExecuteInsertedAsync(cancellationToken);
-                        if (rets.Count != data.Count()) throw new Exception($"特别错误：批量添加失败，{_db.OrmOriginal.Ado.DataType} 的返回数据，与添加的数目不匹配");
+                        if (rets.Count != data.Count()) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed(_db.OrmOriginal.Ado.DataType));
                         _db._entityChangeReport.AddRange(rets.Select(a => new DbContext.EntityChangeReport.ChangeInfo { Object = a, Type = DbContext.EntityChangeType.Insert }));
                         var idx = 0;
                         foreach (var s in data)
@@ -148,8 +148,8 @@ namespace FreeSql
         {
             if (item == null) return;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(propertyName)) return;
-            if (_table.Properties.TryGetValue(propertyName, out var prop) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 不存在属性 {propertyName}");
-            if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(propertyName)) throw new ArgumentException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 类型已设置属性 {propertyName} 忽略特性");
+            if (_table.Properties.TryGetValue(propertyName, out var prop) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(DbContextStrings.NotFound_Property(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
+            if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(propertyName)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
 
             var tref = _table.GetTableRef(propertyName, true);
             if (tref == null) return;
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             {
                 case Internal.Model.TableRefType.OneToOne:
                 case Internal.Model.TableRefType.ManyToOne:
-                    throw new ArgumentException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 类型的属性 {propertyName} 不是 OneToMany 或 ManyToMany 特性");
+                    throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
             }
 
             await DbContextFlushCommandAsync(cancellationToken);
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
 
             if (_states.TryGetValue(uplst1.Key, out var lstval1) == false) return -999;
             var lstval2 = default(EntityState);
-            if (uplst2 != null && _states.TryGetValue(uplst2.Key, out lstval2) == false) throw new Exception($"特别错误：更新失败，数据未被跟踪：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, uplst2.Value)}");
+            if (uplst2 != null && _states.TryGetValue(uplst2.Key, out lstval2) == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, uplst2.Value)));
 
             var cuig1 = _db.OrmOriginal.CompareEntityValueReturnColumns(_entityType, uplst1.Value, lstval1.Value, true);
             var cuig2 = uplst2 != null ? _db.OrmOriginal.CompareEntityValueReturnColumns(_entityType, uplst2.Value, lstval2.Value, true) : null;
@@ -424,11 +424,11 @@ namespace FreeSql
         async public Task UpdateAsync(TEntity data, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
             var exists = ExistsInStates(data);
-            if (exists == null) throw new Exception($"不可更新，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+            if (exists == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
             if (exists == false)
             {
                 var olddata = await OrmSelect(data).FirstAsync(cancellationToken);
-                if (olddata == null) throw new Exception($"不可更新，数据库不存在该记录：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (olddata == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
             }
 
             await UpdateRangePrivAsync(new[] { data }, true, cancellationToken);
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         async public Task AddOrUpdateAsync(TEntity data, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default)
         {
             if (data == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
-            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"不可添加，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
 
             var flagExists = ExistsInStates(data);
             if (flagExists == false)
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetSync.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetSync.cs
index 3dc17741..8bafd8ad 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetSync.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/DbSet/DbSetSync.cs
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                     case DataType.ShenTong:
                         DbContextFlushCommand();
                         var rets = this.OrmInsert(data).ExecuteInserted();
-                        if (rets.Count != data.Count()) throw new Exception($"特别错误：批量添加失败，{_db.OrmOriginal.Ado.DataType} 的返回数据，与添加的数目不匹配");
+                        if (rets.Count != data.Count()) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed(_db.OrmOriginal.Ado.DataType));
                         _db._entityChangeReport.AddRange(rets.Select(a => new DbContext.EntityChangeReport.ChangeInfo { Object = a, Type = DbContext.EntityChangeType.Insert }));
                         var idx = 0;
                         foreach (var s in data)
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ namespace FreeSql
         {
             if (item == null) return;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(propertyName)) return;
-            if (_table.Properties.TryGetValue(propertyName, out var prop) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 不存在属性 {propertyName}");
-            if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(propertyName)) throw new ArgumentException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 类型已设置属性 {propertyName} 忽略特性");
+            if (_table.Properties.TryGetValue(propertyName, out var prop) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(DbContextStrings.NotFound_Property(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
+            if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(propertyName)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
 
             var tref = _table.GetTableRef(propertyName, true);
             if (tref == null) return;
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             {
                 case Internal.Model.TableRefType.OneToOne:
                 case Internal.Model.TableRefType.ManyToOne:
-                    throw new ArgumentException($"{_table.Type.FullName} 类型的属性 {propertyName} 不是 OneToMany 或 ManyToMany 特性");
+                    throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany(_table.Type.FullName, propertyName));
             }
 
             DbContextFlushCommand();
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
 
             if (_states.TryGetValue(uplst1.Key, out var lstval1) == false) return -999;
             var lstval2 = default(EntityState);
-            if (uplst2 != null && _states.TryGetValue(uplst2.Key, out lstval2) == false) throw new Exception($"特别错误：更新失败，数据未被跟踪：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, uplst2.Value)}");
+            if (uplst2 != null && _states.TryGetValue(uplst2.Key, out lstval2) == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, uplst2.Value)));
 
             var cuig1 = _db.OrmOriginal.CompareEntityValueReturnColumns(_entityType, uplst1.Value, lstval1.Value, true);
             var cuig2 = uplst2 != null ? _db.OrmOriginal.CompareEntityValueReturnColumns(_entityType, uplst2.Value, lstval2.Value, true) : null;
@@ -465,11 +465,11 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public void Update(TEntity data)
         {
             var exists = ExistsInStates(data);
-            if (exists == null) throw new Exception($"不可更新，未设置主键的值：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+            if (exists == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
             if (exists == false)
             {
                 var olddata = OrmSelect(data).First();
-                if (olddata == null) throw new Exception($"不可更新，数据库不存在该记录：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+                if (olddata == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
             }
 
             UpdateRangePriv(new[] { data }, true);
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public void AddOrUpdate(TEntity data)
         {
             if (data == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(data));
-            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"不可添加，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)}");
+            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data)));
 
             var flagExists = ExistsInStates(data);
             if (flagExists == false)
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public void BeginEdit(List<TEntity> data)
         {
             if (data == null) return;
-            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"不可进行编辑，实体没有主键：{_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data.First())}");
+            if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, data.First())));
             _statesEditing.Clear();
             _dataEditing = data;
             foreach (var item in data)
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
 
                     var rawset = _db.Set(dbset.EntityType);
                     var statesRemove = typeof(DbSet<>).MakeGenericType(dbset.EntityType).GetMethod("StatesRemoveByObjects", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { typeof(IEnumerable<object>) }, null);
-                    if (statesRemove == null) throw new Exception("找不到方法 DbSet<>.StatesRemoveByObjects");
+                    if (statesRemove == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects);
                     statesRemove.Invoke(rawset, new object[] { items });
                 }
                 returnDeleted?.AddRange(items);
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent.cs
index bed4b4c0..27ffbe88 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent.cs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         #region HasKey
         public EfCoreTableFluent HasKey(string key)
         {
-            if (key == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 key 不能为 null");
+            if (key == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("key"));
             foreach (string name in key.Split(','))
             {
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name.Trim())) continue;
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         #region HasIndex
         public HasIndexFluent HasIndex(string index)
         {
-            if (index == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 index 不能为 null");
+            if (index == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("index"));
             var indexName = $"idx_{Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").Substring(0, 8)}";
             var columns = new List<string>();
             foreach (string name in index.Split(','))
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         #region HasOne
         public HasOneFluent HasOne(string one)
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
-            if (_entityType.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {one} 属性不存在");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
+            if (_entityType.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(one));
             return new HasOneFluent(_fsql, _tf, _entityType, oneProperty.PropertyType, one);
         }
         public class HasOneFluent
@@ -124,8 +124,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             }
             public HasOneFluent WithMany(string many)
             {
-                if (many == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
-                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {many} 属性不存在");
+                if (many == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
+                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(many));
                 _withManyProperty = manyProperty.Name;
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity(_entityType2, eb2 => eb2.Navigate(many, _selfBind));
@@ -133,18 +133,18 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             }
             public HasOneFluent WithOne(string one, string foreignKey)
             {
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
-                if (_entityType1.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {one} 属性不存在");
-                if (oneProperty != _entityType1) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {one} 属性不存在");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
+                if (_entityType1.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(one));
+                if (oneProperty != _entityType1) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(one));
                 _withOneProperty = oneProperty.Name;
 
-                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
                 foreach (string name in foreignKey.Split(','))
                 {
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name.Trim())) continue;
                     _withOneBind += ", " + name.Trim();
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 _withOneBind = _withOneBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity(_entityType2, eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withOneProperty, _withOneBind));
@@ -152,13 +152,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             }
             public HasOneFluent HasForeignKey(string foreignKey)
             {
-                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
                 foreach (string name in foreignKey.Split(','))
                 {
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name.Trim())) continue;
                     _selfBind += ", " + name.Trim();
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 _selfBind = _selfBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, _selfBind);
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty) == false)
@@ -173,9 +173,9 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         #region HasMany
         public HasManyFluent HasMany(string many)
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(many)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
-            if (_entityType.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {many} 集合属性不存在");
-            if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(manyProperty.PropertyType) == false || manyProperty.PropertyType.IsGenericType == false) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 {many} 不是集合属性");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(many)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
+            if (_entityType.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties(many));
+            if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(manyProperty.PropertyType) == false || manyProperty.PropertyType.IsGenericType == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties(many));
             return new HasManyFluent(_fsql, _tf, _entityType, manyProperty.PropertyType.GetGenericArguments()[0], manyProperty.Name);
         }
         public class HasManyFluent
@@ -200,18 +200,18 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
 
             public void WithMany(string many, Type middleType)
             {
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(many)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
-                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {many} 集合属性不存在");
-                if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(manyProperty.PropertyType) == false || manyProperty.PropertyType.IsGenericType == false) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 {many} 不是集合属性");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(many)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
+                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(many, out var manyProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties(many));
+                if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(manyProperty.PropertyType) == false || manyProperty.PropertyType.IsGenericType == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties(many));
                 _withManyProperty = manyProperty.Name;
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, null, middleType);
                 _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity(_entityType2, eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withManyProperty, null, middleType));
             }
             public HasManyFluent WithOne(string one)
             {
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
-                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {one} 属性不存在");
-                if (oneProperty.PropertyType != _entityType1) throw new ArgumentException($"参数错误 {one} 属性不存在");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(one)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
+                if (_entityType2.GetPropertiesDictIgnoreCase().TryGetValue(one, out var oneProperty) == false) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(one));
+                if (oneProperty.PropertyType != _entityType1) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(one));
                 _withOneProperty = oneProperty.Name;
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity(_entityType2, eb2 => eb2.Navigate(oneProperty.Name, _selfBind));
@@ -219,13 +219,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             }
             public HasManyFluent HasForeignKey(string foreignKey)
             {
-                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (foreignKey == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
                 foreach (string name in foreignKey.Split(','))
                 {
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name.Trim())) continue;
                     _selfBind += ", " + name.Trim();
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 _selfBind = _selfBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, _selfBind);
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty) == false)
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent`1.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent`1.cs
index 3cd561ad..e142bd75 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent`1.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/EfCoreFluentApi/EfCoreTableFluent`1.cs
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         {
             var exp = key?.Body;
             if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 key 不能为 null");
+            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("key"));
 
             switch (exp.NodeType)
             {
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         {
             var exp = index?.Body;
             if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 index 不能为 null");
+            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("index"));
 
             var indexName = $"idx_{Guid.NewGuid().ToString("N").Substring(0, 8)}";
             var columns = new List<string>();
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         {
             var exp = one?.Body;
             if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
+            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
 
             var oneProperty = "";
             switch (exp.NodeType)
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                     oneProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                     break;
             }
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(oneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(oneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("one"));
             return new HasOneFluent<T2>(_fsql, _tf, oneProperty);
         }
         public class HasOneFluent<T2>
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = many?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _withManyProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("many"));
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withManyProperty, _selfBind));
                 return this;
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = one?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -171,11 +171,11 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _withOneProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("one"));
 
                 exp = foreignKey?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _withOneBind = _withOneBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withOneProperty, _withOneBind));
                 return this;
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = foreignKey?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _selfBind = _selfBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, _selfBind);
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withManyProperty, _selfBind));
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
         {
             var exp = many?.Body;
             if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
+            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
 
             var manyProperty = "";
             switch (exp.NodeType)
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                     manyProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                     break;
             }
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(manyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(manyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("many"));
             return new HasManyFluent<T2>(_fsql, _tf, manyProperty);
         }
         public class HasManyFluent<T2>
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = many?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("many"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _withManyProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 many");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withManyProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("many"));
 
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, null, middleType);
                 _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withManyProperty, null, middleType));
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = one?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("one"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _withOneProperty = (exp as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 one");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("one"));
                 
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withOneProperty, _selfBind));
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
             {
                 var exp = foreignKey?.Body;
                 if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
-                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey 不能为 null");
+                if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("foreignKey"));
 
                 switch (exp.NodeType)
                 {
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Extensions.EfCoreFluentApi
                         _selfBind = _selfBind.TrimStart(',', ' ');
                         break;
                 }
-                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException("参数错误 foreignKey");
+                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_selfBind)) throw new ArgumentException(DbContextStrings.ParameterError("foreignKey"));
                 _tf.Navigate(_selfProperty, _selfBind);
                 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_withOneProperty) == false)
                     _fsql.CodeFirst.ConfigEntity<T2>(eb2 => eb2.Navigate(_withOneProperty, _selfBind));
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Extensions/DependencyInjection.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/Extensions/DependencyInjection.cs
index dd96b306..78664f09 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/Extensions/DependencyInjection.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Extensions/DependencyInjection.cs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
                 }
                 catch(Exception ex)
                 {
-                    throw new Exception($"AddFreeDbContext 发生错误，请检查 {dbContextType.Name} 的构造参数都已正确注入", ex);
+                    throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction(dbContextType.Name), ex);
                 }
                 if (ctx != null && ctx._ormScoped == null)
                 {
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection
                     ctx._optionsPriv = builder._options;
 
                     if (ctx._ormScoped == null)
-                        throw new Exception("请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql");
+                        throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.ConfigureUseFreeSql);
 
                     ctx.InitPropSets();
                 }
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.csproj b/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.csproj
index ba3a98ce..3c5d56e6 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.csproj
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.csproj
@@ -54,4 +54,30 @@
 		<ProjectReference Include="..\FreeSql\FreeSql.csproj" />
 	</ItemGroup>
 
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<Service Include="{508349b6-6b84-4df5-91f0-309beebad82d}" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<Compile Update="Properties\DbContextStrings.Designer.cs">
+			<DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+			<AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+			<DependentUpon>DbContextStrings.Designer.tt</DependentUpon>
+		</Compile>
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+		<None Update="Properties\DbContextStrings.Designer.tt">
+			<Generator>TextTemplatingFileGenerator</Generator>
+			<LastGenOutput>DbContextStrings.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
+		</None>
+		<EmbeddedResource Update="Properties\DbContextStrings.resx">
+		  <SubType>Designer</SubType>
+		  <CustomToolNamespace>FreeSql</CustomToolNamespace>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+		<EmbeddedResource Update="Properties\DbContextStrings.zh-Hans.resx">
+			<CustomToolNamespace>FreeSql</CustomToolNamespace>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+	</ItemGroup>
+
 </Project>
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.xml b/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.xml
index 38f8de9d..abe086ac 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.xml
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/FreeSql.DbContext.xml
@@ -255,6 +255,233 @@
             <param name="data"></param>
             <returns></returns>
         </member>
+        <member name="T:FreeSql.DbContextStrings">
+            <summary>
+                <para>
+            	    String resources used in FreeSql exceptions, etc.
+                </para>
+                <para>
+            	    These strings are exposed publicly for use by database providers and extensions.
+                    It is unusual for application code to need these strings.
+                </para>
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.Culture">
+            <summary>
+              重写当前线程的 CurrentUICulture 属性，对
+              使用此强类型资源类的所有资源查找执行重写。
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            An error occurred in AddFreeDbContext, check that the construction parameters of {dbContextTypeName} have been injected correctly
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not addable, already exists in state management: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not addable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not addable, no value for primary key set: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not addable, self-increasing attribute has value: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not attachable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not attachable, no value for primary key set: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not deletable, data not tracked, should query first: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not deletable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not deletable, no value for primary key set: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not editable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not updatable, data not tracked, should be queried first or Attach:{entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not updatable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not updatable, no value for primary key set: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not updatable, the record does not exist in the database: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ConfigureUseFreeSql">
+            <summary>
+            Please configure UseFreeSql in OnConfiguring or AddFreeDbContext
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.DbSetAsType_NotSupport_Object">
+            <summary>
+            DbSet. AsType parameter error, please pass in the correct entity type
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.EntityType_CannotConvert(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Entity type {EntityTypeName} cannot be converted to {name} and cannot use this method
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyError(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Entity type {EntityTypeName} Primary key type is not {fullName} and cannot be used with this method
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Entity type {EntityTypeName} Primary key number is not 1 and cannot be used with this method
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository">
+            <summary>
+            FreeSql. Repository failed to set filter because object does not belong to IRepository
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Not comparable, entity has no primary key: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Non-comparable, no value for primary key set: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.InsertError_Filter(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            FreeSql. Repository Insert failed because the filter {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression} was set and the inserted data does not conform to {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ISelectAsType_ParameterError">
+            <summary>
+            ISelect. AsType parameter does not support specifying as object
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.NotFound_Property(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Property {propertyName} does not exist for {tableTypeFullName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects">
+            <summary>
+            Method DbSet&lt;&gt; not found. StatesRemoveByObjects
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterDataTypeError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter data type error {entityTypeFullName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter error {param}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter error {param} cannot be null
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter error {many} is not a collection property
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter error {many} Collection property does not exist
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter error {one} attribute does not exist
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.Propagation_Mandatory">
+            <summary>
+            Propagation_ Mandatory: With the current transaction, throw an exception if there is no current transaction
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.Propagation_Never">
+            <summary>
+            Propagation_ Never: Perform the operation non-transactionally and throw an exception if the current transaction exists
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Property {propertyName} of type {tableTypeFullName} is not OneToMany or ManyToMany attribute
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Special error: Bulk add failed, {dataType} returned data, does not match the number added
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Special error: Update failed, data not tracked: {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.TransactionHasBeenStarted">
+            <summary>
+            Transaction opened, unit of work cannot be disabled
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {tableTypeFullName} type has set the property {propertyName} Ignore the attribute
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {unitOfWorkManager} constructor parameter {fsql} cannot be null
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.DbContextStrings.UpdateError_Filter(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            FreeSql. Repository Update failed because the filter {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression} is set and the updated data does not conform to {entityString}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
         <member name="M:FreeSql.IRepositoryUnitOfWork.GetRepository``2(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression{System.Func{``0,System.Boolean}})">
             <summary>
             在工作单元内创建默认仓库类，工作单元下的仓储操作具有事务特点
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ff2b54c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+
+// <auto-generated />
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Resources;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace FreeSql
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    String resources used in FreeSql exceptions, etc.
+    ///     </para>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    These strings are exposed publicly for use by database providers and extensions.
+    ///         It is unusual for application code to need these strings.
+    ///     </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class DbContextStrings
+    {
+        private static readonly ResourceManager _resourceManager = new ResourceManager("FreeSql.DbContext.Properties.DbContextStrings", typeof(DbContextStrings).Assembly);
+		
+        private static CultureInfo _resourceCulture;
+		
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   重写当前线程的 CurrentUICulture 属性，对
+        ///   使用此强类型资源类的所有资源查找执行重写。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static CultureInfo Culture
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                _resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// AddFreeDbContext 发生错误，请检查 {dbContextTypeName} 的构造参数都已正确注入
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction(object dbContextTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction", nameof(dbContextTypeName)),
+                dbContextTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可添加，已存在于状态管理：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可添加，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可添加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可添加，自增属性有值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可附加，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可附加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可删除，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可删除，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可删除，未设置主键的值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可进行编辑，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可更新，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询 或者 Attach：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可更新，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可更新，未设置主键的值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可更新，数据库不存在该记录：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ConfigureUseFreeSql
+            => GetString("ConfigureUseFreeSql");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DbSet.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string DbSetAsType_NotSupport_Object
+            => GetString("DbSetAsType_NotSupport_Object");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 无法转换为 {name}，无法使用该方法
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string EntityType_CannotConvert(object EntityTypeName, object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("EntityType_CannotConvert", nameof(EntityTypeName), nameof(name)),
+                EntityTypeName, name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键类型不为 {fullName}，无法使用该方法
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string EntityType_PrimaryKeyError(object EntityTypeName, object fullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("EntityType_PrimaryKeyError", nameof(EntityTypeName), nameof(fullName)),
+                EntityTypeName, fullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键数量不为 1，无法使用该方法
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne(object EntityTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne", nameof(EntityTypeName)),
+                EntityTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// FreeSql.Repository 设置过滤器失败，原因是对象不属于 IRepository
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository
+            => GetString("FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可比较，实体没有主键：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不可比较，未设置主键的值：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// FreeSql.Repository Insert 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，插入的数据不符合 {entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string InsertError_Filter(object filterKey, object filterValueExpression, object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("InsertError_Filter", nameof(filterKey), nameof(filterValueExpression), nameof(entityString)),
+                filterKey, filterValueExpression, entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ISelect.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ISelectAsType_ParameterError
+            => GetString("ISelectAsType_ParameterError");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tableTypeFullName} 不存在属性 {propertyName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Property(object tableTypeFullName, object propertyName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Property", nameof(tableTypeFullName), nameof(propertyName)),
+                tableTypeFullName, propertyName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 找不到方法 DbSet&lt;&gt;.StatesRemoveByObjects
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects
+            => GetString("NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数 data 类型错误 {entityTypeFullName} 
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterDataTypeError(object entityTypeFullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterDataTypeError", nameof(entityTypeFullName)),
+                entityTypeFullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数错误 {param}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError(object param)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError", nameof(param)),
+                param);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数错误 {param} 不能为 null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_CannotBeNull(object param)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_CannotBeNull", nameof(param)),
+                param);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数错误 {many} 不是集合属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties(object many)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties", nameof(many)),
+                many);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数错误 {many} 集合属性不存在
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties(object many)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties", nameof(many)),
+                many);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数错误 {one} 属性不存在
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotFound_Property(object one)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotFound_Property", nameof(one)),
+                one);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Propagation_Mandatory: 使用当前事务，如果没有当前事务，就抛出异常
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Propagation_Mandatory
+            => GetString("Propagation_Mandatory");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Propagation_Never: 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前事务存在则抛出异常
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Propagation_Never
+            => GetString("Propagation_Never");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tableTypeFullName} 类型的属性 {propertyName} 不是 OneToMany 或 ManyToMany 特性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany(object tableTypeFullName, object propertyName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany", nameof(tableTypeFullName), nameof(propertyName)),
+                tableTypeFullName, propertyName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 特别错误：批量添加失败，{dataType} 的返回数据，与添加的数目不匹配
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed(object dataType)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed", nameof(dataType)),
+                dataType);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 特别错误：更新失败，数据未被跟踪：{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked(object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked", nameof(entityString)),
+                entityString);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 已开启事务，不能禁用工作单元
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string TransactionHasBeenStarted
+            => GetString("TransactionHasBeenStarted");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tableTypeFullName} 类型已设置属性 {propertyName} 忽略特性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute(object tableTypeFullName, object propertyName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute", nameof(tableTypeFullName), nameof(propertyName)),
+                tableTypeFullName, propertyName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {unitOfWorkManager} 构造参数 {fsql} 不能为 null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull(object unitOfWorkManager, object fsql)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull", nameof(unitOfWorkManager), nameof(fsql)),
+                unitOfWorkManager, fsql);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// FreeSql.Repository Update 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，更新的数据不符合{entityString}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string UpdateError_Filter(object filterKey, object filterValueExpression, object entityString)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("UpdateError_Filter", nameof(filterKey), nameof(filterValueExpression), nameof(entityString)),
+                filterKey, filterValueExpression, entityString);
+
+        private static string GetString(string name, params string[] formatterNames)
+        {
+            var value = _resourceManager.GetString(name,_resourceCulture);
+            for (var i = 0; i < formatterNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                value = value.Replace("{" + formatterNames[i] + "}", "{" + i + "}");
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.tt b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.tt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b8b9d8ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.Designer.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<#
+    Session["ResourceFile"] = "DbContextStrings.resx";
+    Session["AccessModifier"] = "public";
+#>
+<#@ include file="../../FreeSql/Properties/Resources.tt" #>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.resx b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce01210d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>AddFreeDbContext 发生错误，请检查 {dbContextTypeName} 的构造参数都已正确注入</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，已存在于状态管理：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，自增属性有值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可附加，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可附加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可进行编辑，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询 或者 Attach：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，数据库不存在该记录：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ConfigureUseFreeSql" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DbSetAsType_NotSupport_Object" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DbSet.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_CannotConvert" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 无法转换为 {name}，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_PrimaryKeyError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键类型不为 {fullName}，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键数量不为 1，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository 设置过滤器失败，原因是对象不属于 IRepository</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可比较，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可比较，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertError_Filter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository Insert 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，插入的数据不符合 {entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ISelectAsType_ParameterError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 不存在属性 {propertyName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到方法 DbSet&lt;&gt;.StatesRemoveByObjects</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterDataTypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 data 类型错误 {entityTypeFullName} </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {param}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_CannotBeNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {param} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {many} 不是集合属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {many} 集合属性不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {one} 属性不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Propagation_Mandatory" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Propagation_Mandatory: 使用当前事务，如果没有当前事务，就抛出异常</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Propagation_Never" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Propagation_Never: 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前事务存在则抛出异常</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 类型的属性 {propertyName} 不是 OneToMany 或 ManyToMany 特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>特别错误：批量添加失败，{dataType} 的返回数据，与添加的数目不匹配</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>特别错误：更新失败，数据未被跟踪：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TransactionHasBeenStarted" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>已开启事务，不能禁用工作单元</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 类型已设置属性 {propertyName} 忽略特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{unitOfWorkManager} 构造参数 {fsql} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UpdateError_Filter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository Update 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，更新的数据不符合{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.zh-Hans.resx b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.zh-Hans.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ce01210d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Properties/DbContextStrings.zh-Hans.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>AddFreeDbContext 发生错误，请检查 {dbContextTypeName} 的构造参数都已正确注入</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，已存在于状态管理：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可添加，自增属性有值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可附加，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可附加，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可删除，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可进行编辑，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，数据未被跟踪，应该先查询 或者 Attach：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可更新，数据库不存在该记录：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ConfigureUseFreeSql" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>请在 OnConfiguring 或 AddFreeDbContext 中配置 UseFreeSql</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DbSetAsType_NotSupport_Object" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DbSet.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_CannotConvert" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 无法转换为 {name}，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_PrimaryKeyError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键类型不为 {fullName}，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>实体类型 {EntityTypeName} 主键数量不为 1，无法使用该方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository 设置过滤器失败，原因是对象不属于 IRepository</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可比较，实体没有主键：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不可比较，未设置主键的值：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertError_Filter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository Insert 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，插入的数据不符合 {entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ISelectAsType_ParameterError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 不存在属性 {propertyName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFoundMethod_StatesRemoveByObjects" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到方法 DbSet&lt;&gt;.StatesRemoveByObjects</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterDataTypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 data 类型错误 {entityTypeFullName} </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {param}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_CannotBeNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {param} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {many} 不是集合属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {many} 集合属性不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数错误 {one} 属性不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Propagation_Mandatory" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Propagation_Mandatory: 使用当前事务，如果没有当前事务，就抛出异常</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Propagation_Never" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Propagation_Never: 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前事务存在则抛出异常</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 类型的属性 {propertyName} 不是 OneToMany 或 ManyToMany 特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>特别错误：批量添加失败，{dataType} 的返回数据，与添加的数目不匹配</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>特别错误：更新失败，数据未被跟踪：{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TransactionHasBeenStarted" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>已开启事务，不能禁用工作单元</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeFullName} 类型已设置属性 {propertyName} 忽略特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{unitOfWorkManager} 构造参数 {fsql} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="UpdateError_Filter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>FreeSql.Repository Update 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filterKey}: {filterValueExpression}，更新的数据不符合{entityString}</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/ContextSet/RepositoryDbSet.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/ContextSet/RepositoryDbSet.cs
index c5544d61..ad55f84f 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/ContextSet/RepositoryDbSet.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/ContextSet/RepositoryDbSet.cs
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                 if (entitys != null)
                     foreach (var entity in entitys)
                         if (filter.Value.ExpressionDelegate?.Invoke(entity) == false)
-                            throw new Exception($"FreeSql.Repository Update 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filter.Key}: {filter.Value.Expression}，更新的数据不符合 {_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, entity)}");
+                            throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.UpdateError_Filter(filter.Key, filter.Value.Expression, _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, entity)));
                 update.Where(filter.Value.Expression);
             }
             var disableFilter = filters.Where(a => a.Value.IsEnabled == false).Select(a => a.Key).ToList();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                 if (entitys != null)
                     foreach (var entity in entitys)
                         if (filter.Value.ExpressionDelegate?.Invoke(entity) == false)
-                            throw new Exception($"FreeSql.Repository Insert 失败，因为设置了过滤器 {filter.Key}: {filter.Value.Expression}，插入的数据不符合 {_db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, entity)}");
+                            throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.InsertError_Filter(filter.Key, filter.Value.Expression, _db.OrmOriginal.GetEntityString(_entityType, entity)));
             }
             return insert;
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/DataFilter/DataFilterUtil.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/DataFilter/DataFilterUtil.cs
index f626bc3a..ee5abb79 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/DataFilter/DataFilterUtil.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/DataFilter/DataFilterUtil.cs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
 
                 var type = repos.GetType();
                 Type entityType = (repos as IBaseRepository).EntityType;
-                if (entityType == null) throw new Exception("FreeSql.Repository 设置过滤器失败，原因是对象不属于 IRepository");
+                if (entityType == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.FailedSetFilter_NotBelongIRpository);
 
                 var notExists = _dicSetRepositoryDataFilterConvertFilterNotExists.GetOrAdd(type, t => new ConcurrentDictionary<string, bool>());
                 var newFilter = new Dictionary<string, LambdaExpression>();
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/Repository/BaseRepository.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/Repository/BaseRepository.cs
index 694418c0..f554860e 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/Repository/BaseRepository.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/Repository/Repository/BaseRepository.cs
@@ -195,12 +195,12 @@ namespace FreeSql
         TEntity CheckTKeyAndReturnIdEntity(TKey id)
         {
             var tb = _db.OrmOriginal.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(EntityType);
-            if (tb.Primarys.Length != 1) throw new Exception($"实体类型 {EntityType.Name} 主键数量不为 1，无法使用该方法");
-            if (tb.Primarys[0].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != typeof(TKey).NullableTypeOrThis()) throw new Exception($"实体类型 {EntityType.Name} 主键类型不为 {typeof(TKey).FullName}，无法使用该方法");
+            if (tb.Primarys.Length != 1) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne(EntityType.Name));
+            if (tb.Primarys[0].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != typeof(TKey).NullableTypeOrThis()) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyError(EntityType.Name, typeof(TKey).FullName));
             var obj = Activator.CreateInstance(tb.Type);
             _db.OrmOriginal.SetEntityValueWithPropertyName(tb.Type, obj, tb.Primarys[0].CsName, id);
-            var  ret = obj as TEntity;
-            if (ret == null) throw new Exception($"实体类型 {EntityType.Name} 无法转换为 {typeof(TEntity).Name}，无法使用该方法");
+            var ret = obj as TEntity;
+            if (ret == null) throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.EntityType_CannotConvert(EntityType.Name, typeof(TEntity).Name));
             return ret;
         }
 
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWork.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWork.cs
index 93643e24..b2a8d368 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWork.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWork.cs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public void Close()
         {
             if (_tran != null)
-                throw new Exception("已开启事务，不能禁用工作单元");
+                throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.TransactionHasBeenStarted);
 
             Enable = false;
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWorkManager.cs b/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWorkManager.cs
index 42d7f2d3..375a0e4f 100644
--- a/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWorkManager.cs
+++ b/FreeSql.DbContext/UnitOfWork/UnitOfWorkManager.cs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
 
         public UnitOfWorkManager(IFreeSql fsql)
         {
-            if (fsql == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(UnitOfWorkManager)} 构造参数 {nameof(fsql)} 不能为 null");
+            if (fsql == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(DbContextStrings.UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull(nameof(UnitOfWorkManager), nameof(fsql)));
             _ormScoped = DbContextScopedFreeSql.Create(fsql, null, () => this.Current);
         }
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             {
                 case Propagation.Required: return FindedUowCreateVirtual() ?? CreateUow(isolationLevel);
                 case Propagation.Supports: return FindedUowCreateVirtual() ?? CreateUowNothing(_allUows.LastOrDefault()?.IsNotSupported ?? false);
-                case Propagation.Mandatory: return FindedUowCreateVirtual() ?? throw new Exception("Propagation_Mandatory: 使用当前事务，如果没有当前事务，就抛出异常");
+                case Propagation.Mandatory: return FindedUowCreateVirtual() ?? throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.Propagation_Mandatory);
                 case Propagation.NotSupported: return CreateUowNothing(true);
                 case Propagation.Never:
                     var isNotSupported = _allUows.LastOrDefault()?.IsNotSupported ?? false;
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                     {
                         for (var a = _rawUows.Count - 1; a >= 0; a--)
                             if (_rawUows[a].Uow.GetOrBeginTransaction(false) != null)
-                                throw new Exception("Propagation_Never: 以非事务方式执行操作，如果当前事务存在则抛出异常");
+                                throw new Exception(DbContextStrings.Propagation_Never);
                     }
                     return CreateUowNothing(isNotSupported);
                 case Propagation.Nested: return CreateUow(isolationLevel);
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         {
             public IBaseRepository Repository;
             public IUnitOfWork OrginalUow;
-            
+
             public RepoInfo(IBaseRepository repository)
             {
                 this.Repository = repository;
diff --git a/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/CoreStringsTests.cs b/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/CoreStringsTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c063622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/CoreStringsTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+using System.Threading;
+
+using Xunit;
+using Xunit.Abstractions;
+
+namespace FreeSql.Tests.Properties
+{
+    public class CoreStringsTests
+    {
+        private readonly ITestOutputHelper output;
+        public CoreStringsTests(ITestOutputHelper output)
+        {
+            this.output = output;
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans");
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans");
+
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+
+            //CoreStrings.Culture= new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CN");
+            CoreStrings.Culture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+        }
+        [Fact]
+        public void AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTimeTest()
+        {
+            var x = CoreStrings.CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces;
+            x = CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull;
+            string text = CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AsTable_PropertyName_FormatErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Available_Failed_Get_ResourceTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Available_Failed_Get_Resource("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Available_Thrown_ExceptionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Available_Thrown_Exception("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Bad_Expression_FormatTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Bad_Expression_Format("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Cannot_Be_NULL_NameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL_Name("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Cannot_Match_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Cannot_Match_Property("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTreeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Custom_Expression_ParsingErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Custom_Expression_ParsingError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustomTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void DataType_AsType_InconsistentTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.DataType_AsType_Inconsistent("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLockTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Duplicate_ColumnAttributeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Duplicate_ColumnAttribute("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Duplicate_PropertyNameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Duplicate_PropertyName("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Entity_Must_Primary_KeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Entity_Must_Primary_Key("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeysTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Entity_NotParentChild_RelationshipTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpressionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_TypeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_ErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error("1", "2", "3", "4 ");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Failed_SubTable_FieldValueTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Failed_SubTable_FieldValue("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Functions_AsTable_NotImplementedTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Generated_Same_SubTableTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Generated_Same_SubTable("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_SecondTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void IncludeMany_NotValid_NavigationTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameterTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentTypeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void IncludeMany_ParameterTypeErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void InsertInto_No_Property_SelectedTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.InsertInto_No_Property_Selected("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void InsertInto_TypeErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.InsertInto_TypeError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_KeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntityTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void LazyLoading_CompilationErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.LazyLoading_CompilationError("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublicTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingFieldTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField("1", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollectionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentTypeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType("1", "2", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessageTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage("1", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOneTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne("1", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyNameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Missing_FreeSqlProvider_PackageTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_ReasonTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_Bind_Number_DifferentTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_Bind_Number_Different("1", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_Missing_AsSelectTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_AsSelect("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_Missing_SetPropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_SetProperty("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingFieldTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentTypeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType("1", "2", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property("1", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDtoTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Implemented_ExpressionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstantTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelectTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Implemented_NameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Name("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Support_OrderByRandomTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Support_OrderByRandom("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Not_Valid_Navigation_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Not_Valid_Navigation_Property("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_ColumnTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Column("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_CsName_ColumnTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Column("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Property("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_PropertyNameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_ReflectionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Reflection("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_Static_MethodNameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Static_MethodName("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_Table_Property_AsTableTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ObjectPool_Get_TimeoutTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ObjectPool_Get_Timeout("1", "2", "3");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_LongTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingFieldTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField("1", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentTypeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType("1", "2", "2", "2", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void OneToMany_UseNavigateTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.OneToMany_UseNavigate("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotValid_CollectionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Collection("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotValid_NavigationTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyNameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommasTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Parsing_FailedTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Parsing_Failed("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Policy_ObjectPool_DisposeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Policy_Status_NotAvailableTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Policy_Status_NotAvailable("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_ByteTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Property_Cannot_FindTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Property_Cannot_Find("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Set_Column_IsNullable_FalseTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Set_Column_IsNullable_False("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThenTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTimeTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTableTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Type_AsType_Parameter_ErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Type_Cannot_Access_ConstructorTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Type_Error_NameTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Type_Error_Name("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TypeAsType_NotSupport_ObjectTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeManyTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Unable_Parse_ExpressionTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_Expression("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethodTest()
+        {
+            string text = CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/DbContextStringsTests.cs b/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/DbContextStringsTests.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa4d1d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql.Tests/FreeSql.Tests/Properties/DbContextStringsTests.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+using Xunit;
+using Xunit.Abstractions;
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Linq;
+using System.Text;
+using System.Threading.Tasks;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace FreeSql.Tests.Properties
+{
+    public class DbContextStringsTests
+    {
+        private readonly ITestOutputHelper output;
+        public DbContextStringsTests(ITestOutputHelper output)
+        {
+            this.output = output;
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans");
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-Hans");
+
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+            //Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentUICulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+
+            //DbContextStrings.Culture= new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("zh-CN");
+            DbContextStrings.Culture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstructionTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.AddFreeDbContextError_CheckConstruction("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagementTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_AlreadyExistsInStateManagement("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_PrimaryKey_NotSet("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValueTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAdd_SelfIncreasingHasValue("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotAttach_PrimaryKey_NotSet("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQueryTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_DataNotTracked_ShouldQuery("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotDelete_PrimaryKey_NotSet("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotEdit_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttachTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_DataShouldQueryOrAttach("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_PrimaryKey_NotSet("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExistTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.CannotUpdate_RecordDoesNotExist("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void EntityType_CannotConvertTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.EntityType_CannotConvert("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void EntityType_PrimaryKeyErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyError("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOneTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.EntityType_PrimaryKeyIsNotOne("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKeyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.Incomparable_EntityHasNo_PrimaryKey("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSetTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.Incomparable_PrimaryKey_NotSet("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void InsertError_FilterTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.InsertError_Filter("1", "2", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void NotFound_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.NotFound_Property("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterDataTypeErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterDataTypeError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterErrorTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterError("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_CannotBeNullTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterError_CannotBeNull("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionPropertiesTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterError_IsNot_CollectionProperties("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionPropertiesTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_CollectionProperties("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void ParameterError_NotFound_PropertyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.ParameterError_NotFound_Property("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToManyTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.PropertyOfType_IsNot_OneToManyOrManyToMany("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailedTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.SpecialError_BatchAdditionFailed("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTrackedTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.SpecialError_UpdateFailedDataNotTracked("1");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttributeTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.TypeHasSetProperty_IgnoreAttribute("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNullTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.UnitOfWorkManager_Construction_CannotBeNull("1", "2");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+
+        [Fact]
+        public void UpdateError_FilterTest()
+        {
+            string text = DbContextStrings.UpdateError_Filter("1", "2", "3");
+            output.WriteLine(text);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql.sln b/FreeSql.sln
index 2fac2870..f713110d 100644
--- a/FreeSql.sln
+++ b/FreeSql.sln
@@ -688,5 +688,7 @@ Global
 	EndGlobalSection
 	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
 		SolutionGuid = {089687FD-5D25-40AB-BA8A-A10D1E137F98}
+		RESX_PrefixTranslations = False
+		RESX_NeutralResourcesLanguage = zh-Hans
 	EndGlobalSection
 EndGlobal
diff --git a/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableAttribute.cs b/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableAttribute.cs
index 13083586..bcaf6b70 100644
--- a/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableAttribute.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableAttribute.cs
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
             {
                 var atm = Regex.Match(AsTable, @"([\w_\d]+)\s*=\s*(\d\d\d\d)\s*\-\s*(\d\d?)\s*\-\s*(\d\d?)\s*\((\d+)\s*(year|month|day|hour)\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
                 if (atm.Success == false)
-                    throw new Exception($"[Table(AsTable = \"{AsTable}\")] 特性值格式错误");
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError(AsTable));
 
                 tb.AsTableColumn = tb.Columns.TryGetValue(atm.Groups[1].Value, out var trycol) ? trycol :
-                    tb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(atm.Groups[1].Value, out trycol) ? trycol : throw new Exception($"[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atm.Groups[1].Value} 不存在");
+                    tb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(atm.Groups[1].Value, out trycol) ? trycol : throw new Exception(CoreStrings.NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable(atm.Groups[1].Value));
                 if (tb.AsTableColumn.Attribute.MapType.NullableTypeOrThis() != typeof(DateTime))
                 {
                     tb.AsTableColumn = null;
-                    throw new Exception($"[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atm.Groups[1].Value} 不是 DateTime 类型");
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime(atm.Groups[1].Value));
                 }
                 int.TryParse(atm.Groups[5].Value, out var atm5);
                 string atm6 = atm.Groups[6].Value.ToLower();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
                         case "day": return dt.AddDays(atm5);
                         case "hour": return dt.AddHours(atm5);
                     }
-                    throw new NotImplementedException($"AsTable 未实现的功能 {AsTable}");
+                    throw new NotImplementedException(CoreStrings.Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented(AsTable));
                 });
             }
         }
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
 
         public DateTimeAsTableImpl(string tableName, DateTime beginTime, Func<DateTime, DateTime> nextTimeFunc)
         {
-            if (nextTimeFunc == null) throw new ArgumentException($"nextTimeFunc 不可以为 null");
+            if (nextTimeFunc == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL_Name("nextTimeFunc"));
             beginTime = beginTime.Date; //日期部分作为开始
             _beginTime = beginTime;
             _nextTimeFunc = nextTimeFunc;
             _tableName = tableName;
             _tableNameFormat = _regTableNameFormat.Match(tableName);
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_tableNameFormat.Groups[1].Value)) throw new ArgumentException("tableName 格式错误，示例：“log_{yyyyMMdd}”");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_tableNameFormat.Groups[1].Value)) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.TableName_Format_Error("yyyyMMdd"));
             ExpandTable(beginTime, DateTime.Now);
         }
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
                 {
                     var dtstr = beginTime.ToString(_tableNameFormat.Groups[1].Value);
                     var name = _tableName.Replace(_tableNameFormat.Groups[0].Value, dtstr);
-                    if (_allTables.Contains(name)) throw new ArgumentException($"tableName：{_tableName} 生成了相同的分表名");
+                    if (_allTables.Contains(name)) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Generated_Same_SubTable(_tableName));
                     _allTables.Insert(0, name);
                     _allTablesTime.Insert(0, beginTime);
                     _lastTime = beginTime;
@@ -124,26 +124,26 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
         }
         DateTime ParseColumnValue(object columnValue)
         {
-            if (columnValue == null) throw new Exception($"分表字段值不能为 null");
+            if (columnValue == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull);
             DateTime dt;
             if (columnValue is DateTime || columnValue is DateTime?)
                 dt = (DateTime)columnValue;
             else if (columnValue is string)
             {
-                if (DateTime.TryParse(string.Concat(columnValue), out dt) == false) throw new Exception($"分表字段值 \"{columnValue}\" 不能转化成 DateTime");
+                if (DateTime.TryParse(string.Concat(columnValue), out dt) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime(columnValue));
             }
             else if (columnValue is int || columnValue is long)
             {
                 dt = new DateTime(1970, 1, 1).AddSeconds((double)columnValue);
             }
-            else throw new Exception($"分表字段值 \"{columnValue}\" 不能转化成 DateTime");
+            else throw new Exception(CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime(columnValue));
             return dt;
         }
 
         public string GetTableNameByColumnValue(object columnValue, bool autoExpand = false)
         {
             var dt = ParseColumnValue(columnValue);
-            if (dt < _beginTime) throw new Exception($"分表字段值 \"{dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")}\" 不能小于 \"{_beginTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")} \"");
+            if (dt < _beginTime) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen(dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"), _beginTime.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
             var tmpTime = _nextTimeFunc(_lastTime);
             if (dt >= tmpTime && autoExpand)
             {
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
                     if (dt >= _allTablesTime[a])
                         return _allTables[a];
             }
-            throw new Exception($"分表字段值 \"{dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")}\" 未匹配到分表名");
+            throw new Exception(CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable(dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")));
         }
         public string[] GetTableNamesByColumnValueRange(object columnValue1, object columnValue2)
         {
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
             {
                 var val1 = LocalGetParamValue(m.Groups[1].Value);
                 var val2 = LocalGetParamValue(m.Groups[2].Value);
-                if (val1 == null || val2 == null) throw new Exception($"未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}");
+                if (val1 == null || val2 == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Failed_SubTable_FieldValue(sqlWhere));
                 return GetTableNamesByColumnValueRange(val1, val2);
             }
             m = regs[8].Match(newSqlWhere);
@@ -275,14 +275,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
             {
                 var val1 = LocalGetParamValue(m.Groups[2].Value);
                 var val2 = LocalGetParamValue(m.Groups[4].Value);
-                if (val1 == null || val2 == null) throw new Exception($"未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}");
+                if (val1 == null || val2 == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Failed_SubTable_FieldValue(sqlWhere));
                 return LocalGetTables(m.Groups[1].Value, m.Groups[3].Value, ParseColumnValue(val1), ParseColumnValue(val2));
             }
             m = regs[10].Match(newSqlWhere);
             if (m.Success)
             {
                 var val1 = LocalGetParamValue(m.Groups[2].Value);
-                if (val1 == null) throw new Exception($"未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}");
+                if (val1 == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Failed_SubTable_FieldValue(sqlWhere));
                 return LocalGetTables2(m.Groups[1].Value, ParseColumnValue(val1));
             }
             return AllTables;
diff --git a/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableFluent.cs b/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableFluent.cs
index 5a9c25e7..5ae94172 100644
--- a/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableFluent.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/DataAnnotations/TableFluent.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
+using System.Data.Common;
 using System.Linq;
 using System.Linq.Expressions;
 using System.Reflection;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
 
         public ColumnFluent Property(string proto)
         {
-            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"找不到属性名 {proto}");
+            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName(proto));
             var col = _table._columns.GetOrAdd(tryProto.Name, name => new ColumnAttribute { Name = proto });
             return new ColumnFluent(col, tryProto, _entityType);
         }
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
         /// <returns></returns>
         public TableFluent Navigate(string proto, string bind, Type manyToMany = null)
         {
-            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"找不到属性名 {proto}");
+            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(CoreStrings.NotFound_Property(proto));
             var nav = new NavigateAttribute { Bind = bind, ManyToMany = manyToMany };
             _table._navigates.AddOrUpdate(tryProto.Name, nav, (name, old) => nav);
             return this;
@@ -129,12 +130,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
             var exp = column?.Body;
             if (exp?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
             var proto = (exp as MemberExpression)?.Member;
-            if (proto == null) throw new FormatException($"错误的表达式格式 {column}");
+            if (proto == null) throw new FormatException(CoreStrings.Bad_Expression_Format(column));
             return Property(proto.Name);
         }
         public ColumnFluent Property(string proto)
         {
-            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"找不到属性名 {proto}");
+            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName(proto));
             var col = _table._columns.GetOrAdd(tryProto.Name, name => new ColumnAttribute { Name = proto });
             return new ColumnFluent(col, tryProto, typeof(T));
         }
@@ -152,12 +153,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.DataAnnotations
             var exp = proto?.Body;
             if (exp.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) exp = (exp as UnaryExpression)?.Operand;
             var member = (exp as MemberExpression)?.Member;
-            if (member == null) throw new FormatException($"错误的表达式格式 {proto}");
+            if (member == null) throw new FormatException(CoreStrings.Bad_Expression_Format(proto));
             return Navigate(member.Name, bind, manyToMany);
         }
         public TableFluent<T> Navigate(string proto, string bind, Type manyToMany = null)
         {
-            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException($"找不到属性名 {proto}");
+            if (_properties.TryGetValue(proto, out var tryProto) == false) throw new KeyNotFoundException(CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName(proto));
             var nav = new NavigateAttribute { Bind = bind, ManyToMany = manyToMany };
             _table._navigates.AddOrUpdate(tryProto.Name, nav, (name, old) => nav);
             return this;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Extensions/AdoNetExtensions.cs b/FreeSql/Extensions/AdoNetExtensions.cs
index 73b0d015..51c7e196 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Extensions/AdoNetExtensions.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Extensions/AdoNetExtensions.cs
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ namespace FreeSql
         static object _dicCurdLock = new object();
         static IFreeSql GetCrud(IDbConnection dbconn)
         {
-            if (dbconn == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbconn)} 不能为 null");
-            if (dbconn.ConnectionString == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbconn)}.ConnectionString 不能为 null");
+            if (dbconn == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbconn)} {CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL}");
+            if (dbconn.ConnectionString == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbconn)}.ConnectionString {CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL}");
             Type dbconType = dbconn.GetType();
             var connType = dbconType.UnderlyingSystemType;
             if (_dicCurd.TryGetValue(dbconn.ConnectionString, out var fsql)) return fsql;
@@ -25,46 +25,46 @@ namespace FreeSql
                 case "MySqlConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.MySql.MySqlProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.MySql")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
                     if (providerType == null) providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.MySql.MySqlProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.MySqlConnector")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.MySql.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("MySql"));
                     break;
                 case "SqlConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.SqlServer.SqlServerProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("SqlServer"));
                     break;
                 case "NpgsqlConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.PostgreSQL.PostgreSQLProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("PostgreSQL"));
                     break;
                 case "OracleConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.Oracle.OracleProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.Oracle")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.Oracle.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("Oracle"));
                     break;
                 case "SQLiteConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.Sqlite.SqliteProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("Sqlite"));
                     break;
                 case "DmConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.Dameng.DamengProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.Dameng")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.Dameng.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("Dameng"));
                     break;
                 case "OscarConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.ShenTong.ShenTongProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("ShenTong"));
                     break;
                 case "KdbndpConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.KingbaseES.KingbaseESProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("KingbaseES"));
                     break;
                 case "FbConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.Firebird.FirebirdProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.Firebird")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.Firebird.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("Firebird"));
                     break;
                 case "ClickHouseConnection":
                     providerType = Type.GetType("FreeSql.ClickHouse.ClickHouseProvider`1,FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse")?.MakeGenericType(connType);
-                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception("缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                    if (providerType == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package("ClickHouse"));
                     break;
                 default:
-                    throw new Exception("未实现");
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented);
             }
             lock (_dicCurdLock)
             {
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         }
         static IFreeSql GetCrud(IDbTransaction dbtran)
         {
-            if (dbtran == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbtran)} 不能为 null");
+            if (dbtran == null) throw new ArgumentNullException($"{nameof(dbtran)} {CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL}");
             return GetCrud(dbtran.Connection);
         }
 
diff --git a/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExpressionCallExtensions.cs b/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExpressionCallExtensions.cs
index 45882a22..c6cad284 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExpressionCallExtensions.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExpressionCallExtensions.cs
@@ -476,7 +476,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             if (expContext.ParsedContent["delimiter"] == "','")
                 expContext.Result = $"wm_concat_text({expContext.ParsedContent["column"]})";
             else
-                throw new NotImplementedException("GBase 暂时不支持逗号以外的分割符");
+                throw new NotImplementedException(CoreStrings.GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas);
             //expContext.Result = $"replace(wm_concat_text({expContext.ParsedContent["column"]}), ',', {expContext.ParsedContent["delimiter"]})";
             return null;
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExtensions.cs b/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExtensions.cs
index 0c791e84..e0ffb9c1 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExtensions.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Extensions/FreeSqlGlobalExtensions.cs
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
         var ret = _dicInternalGetTypeConstructor0OrFirst.GetOrAdd(that, tp =>
             tp.GetConstructor(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic, null, new Type[0], null) ??
             tp.GetConstructors(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic).OrderBy(a => a.IsPublic ? 0 : 1).FirstOrDefault());
-        if (ret == null && isThrow) throw new ArgumentException($"{that.FullName} 类型无方法访问构造函数");
+        if (ret == null && isThrow) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor(that.FullName));
         return ret;
     }
 
@@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
         var t1sel = orm.Select<T1>() as Select1Provider<T1>;
         var t1expFul = t1sel.ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(property, true);
         var t1exp = props.Length == 1 ? t1expFul : t1sel.ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(props[0], true);
-        if (t1expFul == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树");
+        if (t1expFul == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property)));
         var propElementType = t1expFul.Type.GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault() ?? t1expFul.Type.GetElementType();
         if (propElementType != null) //IncludeMany
         {
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
             return list;
         }
         var tbtr = t1tb.GetTableRef(props[0], true);
-        if (tbtr == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 参数错误，它不是有效的导航属性");
+        if (tbtr == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation(nameof(property)));
         var reftb = orm.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(t1exp.Type);
         var refsel = orm.Select<object>().AsType(t1exp.Type) as Select1Provider<object>;
         if (props.Length > 1)
@@ -443,14 +443,14 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
         }
         var sel = orm.Select<T1>() as Select1Provider<T1>;
         var exp = sel.ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(property, true);
-        if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树");
+        if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property)));
         var memExp = exp as MemberExpression;
-        if (memExp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树2");
+        if (memExp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property))}2");
         var parTb = orm.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(memExp.Expression.Type);
-        if (parTb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树3");
+        if (parTb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property))}3");
         var propElementType = exp.Type.GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault() ?? exp.Type.GetElementType();
         var reftb = orm.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(propElementType);
-        if (reftb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 参数错误，它不是集合属性，必须为 IList<T> 或者 ICollection<T>");
+        if (reftb == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Collection(nameof(property)));
 
         if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(where) == false)
         {
@@ -463,12 +463,12 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
             for (var a = 0; a < whereSplit.Length; a++)
             {
                 var keyval = whereSplit[a].Split('=').Select(x => x.Trim()).Where(x => string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(x) == false).ToArray();
-                if (keyval.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(where)} 参数错误，格式 \"TopicId=Id，多组使用逗号连接\" ");
+                if (keyval.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas(nameof(where)));
 
                 if (reftb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(keyval[0], out var keycol) == false)
-                    throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(where)} 参数错误，{keyval[0]} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {reftb.Type.DisplayCsharp()} 无法找到");
+                    throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName(nameof(where),keyval[0], reftb.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
                 if (parTb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(keyval[1], out var valcol) == false)
-                    throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(where)} 参数错误，{keyval[1]} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {parTb.Type.DisplayCsharp()} 无法找到");
+                    throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName(nameof(where), keyval[1], parTb.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
 
                 var tmpExp = Expression.Equal(
                     Expression.Convert(Expression.MakeMemberAccess(refparamExp, reftb.Properties[keyval[0]]), valcol.CsType),
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
                 select.Split(',').Select(x => x.Trim()).Where(x => string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(x) == false).Select(a =>
                 {
                     if (reftb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(a, out var col) == false)
-                        throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(select)} 参数错误，{a} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {reftb.Type.DisplayCsharp()} 无法找到");
+                        throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName(nameof(select), a, reftb.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
                     return Expression.Bind(reftb.Properties[col.CsName], Expression.MakeMemberAccess(refparamExp, reftb.Properties[col.CsName]));
                 }).ToArray());
 
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
         var funcType = typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(sel._tables[0].Table.Type, typeof(IEnumerable<>).MakeGenericType(reftb.Type));
         var navigateSelector = Expression.Lambda(funcType, exp, sel._tables[0].Parameter);
         var incMethod = sel.GetType().GetMethod("IncludeMany");
-        if (incMethod == null) throw new Exception("运行时错误，反射获取 IncludeMany 方法失败");
+        if (incMethod == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany);
         incMethod.MakeGenericMethod(reftb.Type).Invoke(sel, new object[] { navigateSelector, null });
         return sel;
     }
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
                 a.RefType == FreeSql.Internal.Model.TableRefType.OneToMany &&
                 a.RefEntityType == tb.Type).ToArray();
 
-        if (navs.Length != 1) throw new ArgumentException($"{tb.Type.FullName} 不是父子关系，无法使用该功能");
+        if (navs.Length != 1) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship(tb.Type.FullName));
         var tbref = navs[0];
 
         var cteName = "as_tree_cte";
@@ -641,7 +641,7 @@ public static partial class FreeSqlGlobalExtensions
                 }
                 if (int.TryParse((mysqlVersion ?? "").Split('.')[0], out var mysqlVersionFirst) && mysqlVersionFirst < 8)
                 {
-                    if (tbref.Columns.Count > 1) throw new ArgumentException($"{tb.Type.FullName} 是父子关系，但是 MySql 8.0 以下版本中不支持组合多主键");
+                    if (tbref.Columns.Count > 1) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys(tb.Type.FullName));
                     var mysql56Sql = "";
                     if (up == false)
                     {
@@ -833,7 +833,7 @@ SELECT ");
             case DataType.Firebird:
                 return that.OrderBy("rand()");
         }
-        throw new NotSupportedException($"{s0p._orm.Ado.DataType} 不支持 OrderByRandom 随机排序");
+        throw new NotSupportedException($"{CoreStrings.Not_Support_OrderByRandom(s0p._orm.Ado.DataType)}");
     }
     #endregion
 
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ SELECT ");
             foreach (var primary in primarys)
             {
                 if (table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(string.Concat(primary), out var col)) pks.Add(col);
-                else throw new Exception($"GetPrimarys 传递的参数 \"{primary}\" 不正确，它不属于字典数据的键名");
+                else throw new Exception(CoreStrings.GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey(primary));
             }
             return pks.ToArray();
         }
@@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ SELECT ");
             foreach (var primary in primarys)
             {
                 if (table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(string.Concat(primary), out var col)) col.Attribute.IsPrimary = true;
-                else throw new Exception($"GetPrimarys 传递的参数 \"{primary}\" 不正确，它不属于字典数据的键名");
+                else throw new Exception(CoreStrings.GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey(primary));
             }
             table.Primarys = table.Columns.Where(a => a.Value.Attribute.IsPrimary).Select(a => a.Value).ToArray();
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql/FreeSql.csproj b/FreeSql/FreeSql.csproj
index 2499acea..b86d3cff 100644
--- a/FreeSql/FreeSql.csproj
+++ b/FreeSql/FreeSql.csproj
@@ -20,9 +20,39 @@
 		<DelaySign>false</DelaySign>
 	</PropertyGroup>
 
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <Compile Remove="Properties\Resources.cs" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <None Remove="Properties\Resources.tt" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
 	<ItemGroup>
 		<None Include="../logo.png" Pack="true" PackagePath="\" />
 	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <Service Include="{508349b6-6b84-4df5-91f0-309beebad82d}" />
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <Compile Update="Properties\CoreStrings.Designer.cs">
+	    <DesignTime>True</DesignTime>
+	    <AutoGen>True</AutoGen>
+	    <DependentUpon>CoreStrings.Designer.tt</DependentUpon>
+	  </Compile>
+	</ItemGroup>
+
+	<ItemGroup>
+	  <None Update="Properties\CoreStrings.Designer.tt">
+	    <Generator>TextTemplatingFileGenerator</Generator>
+	    <LastGenOutput>CoreStrings.Designer.cs</LastGenOutput>
+	  </None>
+		<EmbeddedResource Update="Properties\CoreStrings.resx">
+			<CustomToolNamespace>FreeSql</CustomToolNamespace>
+		</EmbeddedResource>
+	</ItemGroup>
   
 	<PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|AnyCPU'">
 		<DocumentationFile>FreeSql.xml</DocumentationFile>
diff --git a/FreeSql/FreeSql.xml b/FreeSql/FreeSql.xml
index 208e9542..2a07e30b 100644
--- a/FreeSql/FreeSql.xml
+++ b/FreeSql/FreeSql.xml
@@ -4592,6 +4592,653 @@
             BigApple -> bigapple
             </summary>
         </member>
+        <member name="T:FreeSql.CoreStrings">
+            <summary>
+                <para>
+            	    String resources used in FreeSql exceptions, etc.
+                </para>
+                <para>
+            	    These strings are exposed publicly for use by database providers and extensions.
+                    It is unusual for application code to need these strings.
+                </para>
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Culture">
+            <summary>
+              重写当前线程的 CurrentUICulture 属性，对
+              使用此强类型资源类的所有资源查找执行重写。
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [Table(AsTable="{asTable}")] Property value formatted incorrectly
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The property name {atmGroupsValue} set by [Table (AsTable = xx)] is not of type DateTime
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Available_Failed_Get_Resource(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {name}: Failed to get resource {statistics}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Available_Thrown_Exception(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {name}: An exception needs to be thrown
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Bad_Expression_Format(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Wrong expression format {column}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select">
+            <summary>
+            Select is not available until the Chunk function
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate">
+            <summary>
+            For security reasons, be sure to use ForUpdate after the transaction is open
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL">
+            <summary>
+            Cannot be null
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Cannot_Be_NULL_Name(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {name} cannot be null
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Cannot_Match_Property(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Unable to match {property}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {property} cannot be resolved to an expression tree
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Check_UseConnectionString">
+            <summary>
+            The parameter master ConnectionString cannot be empty, check UseConnectionString
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Commit">
+            <summary>
+            Commit
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers">
+            <summary>
+            Connection failed, ready to switch other available servers
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Custom_Expression_ParsingError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Custom expression parsing error: type {exp3MethodDeclaringType} needs to define static ThreadLocal&lt;ExpressionCallContext&gt;field, field, field (important three reminders)
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull">
+            <summary>
+            Custom {Reflection Information} cannot be empty, format: { static method name }{ space }{ reflection information }
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull">
+            <summary>
+            Custom { static method name } cannot be empty, format: { static method name }{ space }{ reflection information }
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Custom corresponding {{ static method name }}:{fiValueCustomArray} The [DynamicFilterCustomAttribute] attribute is not set
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces">
+            <summary>
+            Custom requires that Fields be space-split and 2-length in the format: { static method name }{ space }{ reflection information }
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.DataType_AsType_Inconsistent(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The data type of the operation ({dataDisplayCsharp}) is inconsistent with AsType ({tableTypeDisplayCsharp}). Please check.
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char">
+            <summary>
+            DateRange requires that Value be comma-separated and 2-length
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy">
+            <summary>
+            DateRange requires that the Value [1] format must be: yyyy, yyyy-MM, yyyy-MM-dd, yyyyy-MM-dd HH, yyyy, yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The record may not exist, or the row level optimistic lock version is out of date, the number of updates {sourceCount}, the number of rows affected {affrows}.
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights">
+            <summary>
+            The number of SlaveConnectionStrings is not the same as SlaveWeights
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Duplicate_ColumnAttribute(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            ColumnAttribute. Name {colattrName} exists repeatedly, please check (note: case insensitive)
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Duplicate_PropertyName(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Property name {pName} exists repeatedly, please check (note: case insensitive)
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Entity_Must_Primary_Key(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {function} feature requires that the entity class {tableCsName} must have a primary key
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {tbTypeFullName} is a parent-child relationship, but combinations of multiple primary keys are not supported in versions below MySql 8.0
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {tbTypeFullName} is not a parent-child relationship and cannot be used
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing">
+            <summary>
+            This particular subquery cannot be resolved
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Expression error, its top object is not ParameterExpression:{exp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Expression error, it is not a continuous MemberAccess type: {exp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            ExpressionTree conversion type error, value ({value}), type ({valueTypeFullName}), target type ({typeFullName}), Error:{exMessage}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Failed_SubTable_FieldValue(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Failed to parse table field value {sqlWhere}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Function {asTable} not implemented by AsTable
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas">
+            <summary>
+            GBase does not support separators other than commas at this time
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Generated_Same_SubTable(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            TableName:{tableName} generated the same table name
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The parameter'{primary}'passed by GetPrimarys is incorrect and does not belong to the key name of the dictionary data
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {first} has already been specified and {second} can no longer be specified
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {tb2DbName}. {mp2MemberName} is ignored. Check the IsIgnore setting to make sure get/set is public
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error">
+            <summary>
+            Include parameter type error
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany">
+            <summary>
+            Include parameter type is wrong, use IncludeMany for collection properties
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess">
+            <summary>
+            Include parameter type is wrong, expression type should be MemberAccess
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The property {collMemMemberName} of IncludeMany type {tbTypeDisplayCsharp} is not a valid navigation property, hint: IsIgnore = true will not be a navigation property
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            IncludeMany {navigateSelector} parameter is wrong, Select can only use one parameter's method, the correct format:.Select(t =&gt;new TNavigate{{}})
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            IncludeMany {navigateSelector} parameter error, Select lambda parameter return value must match {collMemElementType} type
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess">
+            <summary>
+            IncludeMany parameter 1 has wrong type, expression type should be MemberAccess
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            IncludeMany {navigateSelector} parameter type is wrong, correct format: a.collections.Take(1).Where(c =&gt; C.A ID == a.id).Select (a =&gt; new TNavigate{{}})
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.InsertInto_No_Property_Selected(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            ISelect. InsertInto() did not select an attribute: {displayCsharp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.InsertInto_TypeError(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            ISelect. InsertInto() type error: {displayCsharp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The InsertOrUpdate function performs merge into requiring the entity class {CsName} to have a primary key
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The generic parameter for InsertOrUpdate&lt;&gt;does not support {typeofT1}. Pass in your entity class
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading">
+            <summary>
+            FreeSql needs to be installed for Delayed Loading. Extensions. LazyLoading. Dll, downloadable to nuget
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.LazyLoading_CompilationError(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {trytbTypeName} Compilation error: {exMessage}\r\n\r\n{cscode}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Entity type {trytbTypeName} must be declared public
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc">
+            <summary>
+            ManyToMany navigation properties. AsSelect() is temporarily unavailable for the Sum/Avg/Max/Min/First/ToOne/ToList method
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} did not find a corresponding field in {tbmidCsName}, such as: {midTypePropsTrytbName}{findtrytbPkCsName}, {midTypePropsTrytbName}_ {findtrytbPkCsName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, entity type {tbrefTypeName} missing primary key identity, [Column (IsPrimary = true)]
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, entity type {tbrefTypeName} must have a corresponding [Navigate (ManyToMany = x)] collection property
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, {tbmidCsName}. {trycolCsName} and {trytbCsName}. {trytbPrimarysCsName} type inconsistent
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, intermediate class {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} Error: {exMessage}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [ManyToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, intermediate class {tbmidCsName}. The {midTypePropsTrytbName} navigation property is not ManyToOne or OneToOne
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Mapping exception: {name} None of the property names are the same
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction">
+            <summary>
+            Ado. MasterPool value is null, this operation cannot self-enable transactions, please explicitly pass [transaction object] resolution
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Missing FreeSql database implementation package: FreeSql. Provider. {Provider}. Dll, downloadable to nuget
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The FreeSql database implementation package is missing: {dll} can be downloaded to nuget; If there is {dll} and an error still occurs (due to environmental issues that cause the type to be unreflected), manually pass in typeof ({providerType}) in the third parameter of UseConnectionString/UseConnectionFactory
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_Bind_Number_Different(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. The number of {pnvName} attributes [Navigate] Binds ({bindColumnsCount}) is different from the number of external primary keys ({tbrefPrimarysLength})
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_AsSelect(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {tb2DbName}. {mp2MemberName} Navigation Property Collection forgotten. AsSelect()? If used in ToList (a =&gt; a. {mp2MemberName}), step by step to refer to the IncludeMany document.
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_SetProperty(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [Navigation Properties]{trytbTypeDisplayCsharp}. Missing set attribute for {pName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} No corresponding fields were found, such as: {pnvName}{findtbrefPkCsName}, {pnvName}_ {findtbrefPkCsName}. Or use the [Navigate] attribute to specify the relationship mapping.
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, entity type {trytcTypeName} missing primary key identity, [Column (IsPrimary = true)]
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} parsing error, {trytbCsName}. {trycolCsName} and {tbrefCsName}. {tbrefPrimarysCsName} type inconsistent
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Navigation property {trytbTypeName}. {pnvName} attribute [Navigate] parsing error, property not found at {tbrefTypeName}: {bi}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {tableTypeDisplayCsharp} has no primary key defined and cannot use SetSource. Try SetDto or SetSource to specify a temporary primary key
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NoProperty_Defined">
+            <summary>
+            No properties defined
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented">
+            <summary>
+            Not implemented
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Function expression {exp} parsing not implemented
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Function expression {exp} parsing not implemented, parameter {expArguments} must be constant
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Function expression {exp} parsing is not implemented. Use if you are working on a navigation property collection. AsSelect (). {exp3MethodName} ({exp3ArgumentsCount})
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant">
+            <summary>
+            Constant under MemberAccess is not implemented
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Name(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {name} is not implemented
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Support">
+            <summary>
+            I won't support it
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Support_OrderByRandom(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {dataType} does not support OrderByRandom sorting
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Not_Valid_Navigation_Property(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {property} is not a valid navigation property
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_Column(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {dbName} Column {memberName} not found
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_CsName_Column(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Cannot find the column corresponding to {CsName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_Property(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Attribute not found: {memberName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Property name {proto} not found
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_Reflection(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Custom could not find the corresponding {{ reflection information }}:{fiValueCustomArray}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_Static_MethodName(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Custom could not find the corresponding {{ static method name }}:{fiValueCustomArray}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The property name {atmGroupsValue} set by [Table(AsTable = xx)] does not exist
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory">
+            <summary>
+            No UseConnectionString or UseConnectionFactory specified
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ObjectPool_Get_Timeout(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [{policyName}] ObjectPool. {GetName}() timeout {totalSeconds} seconds, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1081
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [{policyName}] ObjectPool. GetAsync() The queue is too long. Policy. AsyncGetCapacity = {asyncGetCapacity}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [OneToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} did not find a corresponding field in {tbrefCsName}, such as: {findtrytb}{findtrytbPkCsName}, {findtrytb}_{findtrytbPkCsName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [OneToMany] Navigation property {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} parsing error, {trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} and {tbrefCsName}.{trycolCsName} is of inconsistent type
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.OneToMany_UseNavigate(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            , {refpropName}{findtrytbPkCsName}, {refpropName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}. Or use the [Navigate] attribute to specify the relationship mapping.
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Parameter_Field_NotSpecified">
+            <summary>
+            Parameter field not specified
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Collection(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {property} parameter is incorrect, it is not a collection property and must be IList&lt;T&gt;or ICollection&lt;T&gt;
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {property} parameter is incorrect, it is not a valid navigation property
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName(System.Object,System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {where} parameter error, {keyval} is not a valid property name and cannot be found in entity class {reftbTypeDisplayCsharp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {property} parameter error, format "TopicId=Id, multiple groups using comma connection"
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Parsing_Failed(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Parsing failed {callExpMethodName} {message}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            [{policyName}] The ObjectPool has been disposed, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1079
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Policy_Status_NotAvailable(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {policyName} status is unavailable and cannot be used until the background checker is restored. {UnavailableExceptionMessage}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The property {trytbVersionColumnCsName} is labeled as a row lock (optimistic lock) (IsVersion), but it must be a numeric type or byte[], and it cannot be Nullable
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Properties_Cannot_Null">
+            <summary>
+            Properrties parameter cannot be empty
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Property_Cannot_Find(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {property} property name not found
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char">
+            <summary>
+            Range requires that Value be comma-separated and 2-length
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.RollBack">
+            <summary>
+            RollBack
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany">
+            <summary>
+            Runtime error, reflection failed to get IncludeMany method
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Set_Column_IsNullable_False(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {qoteSql} is NULL unless the attribute [Column (IsNullable = false)]
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen(System.Object,System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Subtable field value'{dt}'cannot be less than'{beginTime}'
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull">
+            <summary>
+            Subtable field value cannot be null
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The tabular field value'{columnValue}'cannot be converted to DateTime
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Table field value'{dt}'does not match table name
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.T2_Type_Error">
+            <summary>
+            Type T2 Error
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.TableName_Format_Error(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            TableName format error, example: "log_{yyyyMMdd}"
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {Type}. AsType parameter error, please pass in the correct entity type
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            The {thatFullName} type cannot access the constructor
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Type_Error_Name(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {name} type error
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            {Type}. AsType parameter does not support specifying as object
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Type {typeofFullName} error, IncludeMany cannot be used
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_Expression(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Unable to parse expression: {exp}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="M:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod(System.Object)">
+            <summary>
+            Unable to parse expression method {exp3tmpCallMethodName}
+            </summary>
+        </member>
+        <member name="P:FreeSql.CoreStrings.Use_InsertDict_Method">
+            <summary>
+            Please use fsql. InsertDict (dict) method inserts dictionary data
+            </summary>
+        </member>
         <member name="M:FreeSqlGlobalExpressionCallExtensions.Between(System.DateTime,System.DateTime,System.DateTime)">
             <summary>
             C#： that >= between &amp;&amp; that &lt;= and<para></para>
diff --git a/FreeSql/FreeSqlBuilder.cs b/FreeSql/FreeSqlBuilder.cs
index 3f51c49e..ef5feba6 100644
--- a/FreeSql/FreeSqlBuilder.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/FreeSqlBuilder.cs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         /// <returns></returns>
         public FreeSqlBuilder UseConnectionString(DataType dataType, string connectionString, Type providerType = null)
         {
-            if (_connectionFactory != null) throw new Exception("已经指定了 UseConnectionFactory，不能再指定 UseConnectionString");
+            if (_connectionFactory != null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second("UseConnectionFactory", "UseConnectionString"));
             _dataType = dataType;
             _masterConnectionString = connectionString;
             _providerType = providerType;
@@ -52,13 +52,13 @@ namespace FreeSql
         /// <returns></returns>
         public FreeSqlBuilder UseSlave(params string[] slaveConnectionString)
         {
-            if (_connectionFactory != null) throw new Exception("已经指定了 UseConnectionFactory，不能再指定 UseSlave");
+            if (_connectionFactory != null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second("UseConnectionFactory", "UseSlave"));
             _slaveConnectionString = slaveConnectionString;
             return this;
         }
         public FreeSqlBuilder UseSlaveWeight(params int[] slaveWeights)
         {
-            if (_slaveConnectionString?.Length != slaveWeights.Length) throw new Exception("SlaveConnectionString 数量与 SlaveWeights 不相同");
+            if (_slaveConnectionString?.Length != slaveWeights.Length) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights);
             _slaveWeights = slaveWeights;
             return this;
         }
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ namespace FreeSql
         /// <returns></returns>
         public FreeSqlBuilder UseConnectionFactory(DataType dataType, Func<DbConnection> connectionFactory, Type providerType = null)
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_masterConnectionString) == false) throw new Exception("已经指定了 UseConnectionString，不能再指定 UseConnectionFactory");
-            if (_slaveConnectionString?.Any() == true) throw new Exception("已经指定了 UseSlave，不能再指定 UseConnectionFactory");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_masterConnectionString) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second("UseConnectionString", "UseConnectionFactory"));
+            if (_slaveConnectionString?.Any() == true) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second("UseSlave", "UseConnectionFactory"));
             _dataType = dataType;
             _connectionFactory = connectionFactory;
             _providerType = providerType;
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
         public IFreeSql Build() => Build<IFreeSql>();
         public IFreeSql<TMark> Build<TMark>()
         {
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_masterConnectionString) && _connectionFactory == null) throw new Exception("参数 masterConnectionString 不可为空，请检查 UseConnectionString");
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_masterConnectionString) && _connectionFactory == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Check_UseConnectionString);
             IFreeSql<TMark> ret = null;
             var type = _providerType;
             if (type != null)
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
             }
             else
             {
-                Action<string, string> throwNotFind = (dll, providerType) => throw new Exception($"缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：{dll}，可前往 nuget 下载；如果存在 {dll} 依然报错（原因是环境问题导致反射不到类型），请在 UseConnectionString/UseConnectionFactory 第三个参数手工传入 typeof({providerType})");
+                Action<string, string> throwNotFind = (dll, providerType) => throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason(dll, providerType));
                 switch (_dataType)
                 {
                     case DataType.MySql:
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ namespace FreeSql
                         if (type == null) throwNotFind("FreeSql.Provider.GBase.dll", "FreeSql.GBase.GBaseProvider<>");
                         break;
 
-                    default: throw new Exception("未指定 UseConnectionString 或者 UseConnectionFactory");
+                    default: throw new Exception(CoreStrings.NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory);
                 }
             }
             ret = Activator.CreateInstance(type, new object[] { _masterConnectionString, _slaveConnectionString, _connectionFactory }) as IFreeSql<TMark>;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonExpression.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonExpression.cs
index 690cd66d..8977c56e 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonExpression.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonExpression.cs
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             if (index >= 0) field.Append(_common.FieldAsAlias($"as{++index}"));
                             parent.Childs.Add(child);
                         }
-                        if (_tables.Count > 1) { //如果下级导航属性被 Include 过，则将他们也查询出来
+                        if (_tables.Count > 1)
+                        { //如果下级导航属性被 Include 过，则将他们也查询出来
                             foreach (var memProp in tb.Properties.Values)
                             {
                                 var memtbref = tb.GetTableRef(memProp.Name, false);
@@ -162,8 +163,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     }
                     else
                     {
-                        if (select != null && findIncludeMany != null && select._includeToList.Any() && exp.Type.IsGenericType && 
-                            typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(exp.Type) && 
+                        if (select != null && findIncludeMany != null && select._includeToList.Any() && exp.Type.IsGenericType &&
+                            typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(exp.Type) &&
                             typeof(ICollection<>).MakeGenericType(exp.Type.GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault()).IsAssignableFrom(exp.Type))
                         {
                             var includeKey = "";
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             ReadAnonymousField(_tables, field, child, ref index, initAssignExp.Expression, select, diymemexp, whereGlobalFilter, findIncludeMany, false);
                         }
                     }
-                    if (parent.Childs.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"映射异常：{initExp.NewExpression.Type.Name} 没有一个属性名相同");
+                    if (parent.Childs.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName(initExp.NewExpression.Type.Name));
                     return true;
                 case ExpressionType.New:
                     var newExp = exp as NewExpression;
@@ -350,7 +351,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             }
                         }
                     }
-                    if (parent.Childs.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"映射异常：{newExp.Type.Name} 没有一个属性名相同");
+                    if (parent.Childs.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName(newExp.Type.Name));
                     return true;
             }
             parent.DbField = $"({ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp, getTSC())})";
@@ -367,13 +368,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                 if (notRead)
                 {
                     ++index;
-                    if (parent.Property != null) 
+                    if (parent.Property != null)
                         return Utils.GetDataReaderValue(parent.Property.PropertyType, null);
                     return Utils.GetDataReaderValue(parent.CsType, null);
                 }
                 object objval = Utils.InternalDataReaderGetValue(_common, dr, ++index); // dr.GetValue(++index);
                 if (dbValue != null) dbValue.DbValue = objval == DBNull.Value ? null : objval;
-                if (parent.CsType != parent.MapType) 
+                if (parent.CsType != parent.MapType)
                     objval = Utils.GetDataReaderValue(parent.MapType, objval);
                 objval = Utils.GetDataReaderValue(parent.CsType, objval);
                 if (parent.Property != null && parent.CsType != parent.Property.PropertyType)
@@ -468,7 +469,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     var newArrMembers = new List<string>();
                     foreach (var newArrExp in newArr.Expressions) newArrMembers.AddRange(ExpressionSelectColumns_MemberAccess_New_NewArrayInit(_tables, newArrExp, isQuoteName, diymemexp));
                     return newArrMembers.Distinct().Select(a => a.Trim('\'')).ToArray();
-                default: throw new ArgumentException($"无法解析表达式：{exp}");
+                default: throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_Expression(exp));
             }
             return new string[0];
         }
@@ -623,9 +624,9 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
             ColumnInfo rightMapColumn = null;
             var isRightMapType = false;
             if (isLeftMapType) oldMapType = tsc.SetMapTypeReturnOld(leftMapColumn.Attribute.MapType);
-            
+
             var right = ExpressionLambdaToSql(rightExp, tsc);
-            if (right != "NULL" && isLeftMapType && 
+            if (right != "NULL" && isLeftMapType &&
                 //判断参数化后的bug
                 !(right.Contains('@') || right.Contains('?') || right.Contains(':')) &&
                 //三元表达式后，取消此条件 #184
@@ -789,12 +790,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         exp3.Method.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ExpressionCallAttribute), true).Any()
                         ))
                     {
-                        var ecc = new ExpressionCallContext { 
-                            _commonExp = this, 
-                            _tsc = tsc, 
-                            DataType = _ado.DataType, 
-                            UserParameters = tsc.dbParams == null ? null : new List<DbParameter>(), 
-                            FormatSql = obj => formatSql(obj, null, null, null) 
+                        var ecc = new ExpressionCallContext
+                        {
+                            _commonExp = this,
+                            _tsc = tsc,
+                            DataType = _ado.DataType,
+                            UserParameters = tsc.dbParams == null ? null : new List<DbParameter>(),
+                            FormatSql = obj => formatSql(obj, null, null, null)
                         };
                         var exp3MethodParams = exp3.Method.GetParameters();
                         var dbParamsIndex = tsc.dbParams?.Count;
@@ -854,10 +856,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             else
                                 exp3InvokeParams[a] = ecc;
                         }
-                        var eccFields = _dicTypeExpressionCallClassContextFields.GetOrAdd(exp3.Method.DeclaringType, dttp => 
+                        var eccFields = _dicTypeExpressionCallClassContextFields.GetOrAdd(exp3.Method.DeclaringType, dttp =>
                             dttp.GetFields(BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.GetField | BindingFlags.Static).Where(a => a.FieldType == typeof(ThreadLocal<ExpressionCallContext>)).ToArray());
                         if (eccFields.Any() == false)
-                            throw new Exception($"自定义表达式解析错误：类型 {exp3.Method.DeclaringType} 需要定义 static ThreadLocal<ExpressionCallContext> 字段、字段、字段（重要三次提醒）");
+                            throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Custom_Expression_ParsingError(exp3.Method.DeclaringType));
                         foreach (var eccField in eccFields)
                             typeof(ThreadLocal<ExpressionCallContext>).GetProperty("Value").SetValue(eccField.GetValue(null), ecc, null);
                         try
@@ -1001,7 +1003,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                                 fsql = Expression.Lambda(exp3tmpTestCall).Compile().DynamicInvoke();
                                                 var fsqlFindMethod = fsql.GetType().GetMethod(exp3tmpCall.Method.Name, exp3tmpCall.Arguments.Select(a => a.Type).ToArray());
                                                 if (fsqlFindMethod == null)
-                                                    throw new Exception($"无法解析表达式方法 {exp3tmpCall.Method.Name}");
+                                                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod(exp3tmpCall.Method.Name));
                                                 var exp3StackOld = exp3Stack;
                                                 exp3Stack = new Stack<Expression>();
                                                 exp3Stack.Push(Expression.Call(Expression.Constant(fsql), fsqlFindMethod, exp3tmpCall.Arguments));
@@ -1012,7 +1014,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                         fsqlType = fsql?.GetType();
                                         if (fsqlType == null) break;
                                         var fsqlSelect0 = fsql as Select0Provider;
-                                        switch (exp3.Method.Name) {
+                                        switch (exp3.Method.Name)
+                                        {
                                             case "Any": //exists
                                                 switch (_ado.DataType)
                                                 {
@@ -1037,7 +1040,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                         //fsqltables[0].Alias = $"{tsc._tables[0].Alias}_{fsqltables[0].Alias}";
                                         if (fsqltables != tsc._tables)
                                         {
-                                            if (tsc._tables == null && tsc.diymemexp == null) throw new NotSupportedException($"这个特别的子查询不能解析"); //2020-12-11 IUpdate 条件不支持子查询
+                                            if (tsc._tables == null && tsc.diymemexp == null) throw new NotSupportedException(CoreStrings.EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing); //2020-12-11 IUpdate 条件不支持子查询
                                             if (tsc._tables != null) //groupby is null
                                             {
                                                 fsqltables.AddRange(tsc._tables.Select(a => new SelectTableInfo
@@ -1232,7 +1235,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                                         var exp3Args0 = (exp3.Arguments[0] as UnaryExpression)?.Operand as LambdaExpression;
                                                         manySubSelectAggMethod = _dicSelectMethodToSql.GetOrAdd(fsqlType, fsqlType2 =>
                                                             fsqlType2.GetMethods().Where(a => a.Name == "ToSql" && a.GetParameters().Length == 2 && a.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType == typeof(FieldAliasOptions) && a.GetGenericArguments().Length == 1).FirstOrDefault());
-                                                        if (manySubSelectAggMethod == null || exp3Args0 == null) throw new ArgumentException($"ManyToMany 导航属性 .AsSelect() 暂时不可用于 Sum/Avg/Max/Min/First/ToOne/ToList 方法");
+                                                        if (manySubSelectAggMethod == null || exp3Args0 == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc);
                                                         manySubSelectAggMethod = manySubSelectAggMethod.MakeGenericMethod(exp3Args0.ReturnType);
                                                         var fsqls0p = fsql as Select0Provider;
                                                         var fsqls0pWhere = fsqls0p._where.ToString();
@@ -1360,8 +1363,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     other3Exp = ExpressionLambdaToSqlOther(exp3, tsc);
                     if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(other3Exp) == false) return other3Exp;
                     if (exp3.IsParameter() == false) return formatSql(Expression.Lambda(exp3).Compile().DynamicInvoke(), tsc.mapType, tsc.mapColumnTmp, tsc.dbParams);
-                    if (exp3.Method.DeclaringType == typeof(Enumerable)) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp3} 解析。如果正在操作导航属性集合，请使用 .AsSelect().{exp3.Method.Name}({(exp3.Arguments.Count > 1 ? "..." : "")})");
-                    throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp3} 解析");
+                    if (exp3.Method.DeclaringType == typeof(Enumerable)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect(exp3, exp3.Method.Name, (exp3.Arguments.Count > 1 ? "..." : "")));
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression(exp3));
                 case ExpressionType.Parameter:
                 case ExpressionType.MemberAccess:
                     var exp4 = exp as MemberExpression;
@@ -1436,7 +1439,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                     break;
                                 case ExpressionType.MemberAccess:
                                     var expStackFirstMem = expStack.First() as MemberExpression;
-                                    if (expStackFirstMem.Expression?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant) 
+                                    if (expStackFirstMem.Expression?.NodeType == ExpressionType.Constant)
                                         firstValue = (expStackFirstMem.Expression as ConstantExpression)?.Value;
                                     else
                                         return formatSql(Expression.Lambda(exp).Compile().DynamicInvoke(), tsc.mapType, tsc.mapColumnTmp, tsc.dbParams);
@@ -1481,8 +1484,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         if (tb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(memberExp.Member.Name) == false)
                         {
                             if (tb.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(memberExp.Member.Name))
-                                throw new ArgumentException($"{tb.DbName}.{memberExp.Member.Name} 被忽略，请检查 IsIgnore 设置，确认 get/set 为 public");
-                            throw new ArgumentException($"{tb.DbName} 找不到列 {memberExp.Member.Name}");
+                                throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet(tb.DbName, memberExp.Member.Name));
+                            throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.NotFound_Column(tb.DbName, memberExp.Member.Name));
                         }
                         var curcol = tb.ColumnsByCs[memberExp.Member.Name];
                         if (tsc._selectColumnMap != null)
@@ -1499,7 +1502,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         if (tsc.style == ExpressionStyle.SelectColumns)
                         {
                             finds = tsc._tables.Where(a => a.Table.Type == tbtmp.Type && a.Alias == alias).ToArray();
-                            if (finds.Any() == false && alias.Contains("__") == false) 
+                            if (finds.Any() == false && alias.Contains("__") == false)
                                 finds = tsc._tables.Where(a => a.Table.Type == tbtmp.Type).ToArray();
                             if (finds.Any()) finds = new[] { finds.First() };
                         }
@@ -1597,7 +1600,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         switch (exp2.NodeType)
                         {
                             case ExpressionType.Constant:
-                                throw new NotImplementedException("未实现 MemberAccess 下的 Constant");
+                                throw new NotImplementedException($"{CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant}");
                             case ExpressionType.Parameter:
                             case ExpressionType.MemberAccess:
 
@@ -1668,10 +1671,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                         }
                                     }
                                     if (tb2.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(mp2.Member.Name))
-                                        throw new ArgumentException($"{tb2.DbName}.{mp2.Member.Name} 被忽略，请检查 IsIgnore 设置，确认 get/set 为 public");
+                                        throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet(tb2.DbName, mp2.Member.Name));
                                     if (tb2.GetTableRef(mp2.Member.Name, false) != null)
-                                        throw new ArgumentException($"{tb2.DbName}.{mp2.Member.Name} 导航属性集合忘了 .AsSelect() 吗？如果在 ToList(a => a.{mp2.Member.Name}) 中使用，请移步参考 IncludeMany 文档。");
-                                    throw new ArgumentException($"{tb2.DbName} 找不到列 {mp2.Member.Name}");
+                                        throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_AsSelect(tb2.DbName, mp2.Member.Name));
+                                    throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.NotFound_Column(tb2.DbName, mp2.Member.Name));
                                 }
                                 col2 = tb2.ColumnsByCs[mp2.Member.Name];
                                 if (tsc._selectColumnMap != null && find2 != null)
@@ -1836,9 +1839,19 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             new ReplaceParameterVisitor().Modify(fl.Where, newParameter),
                             newParameter
                         );
-                        var whereSql = ExpressionLambdaToSql(expExp.Body, new ExpTSC { _tables = 
-                            isMultitb ? new List<SelectTableInfo>(new[] { tb }) : null, 
-                            _selectColumnMap = null, diymemexp = null, tbtype = SelectTableInfoType.From, isQuoteName = true, isDisableDiyParse = false, style = ExpressionStyle.Where, currentTable = tb.Table, alias001 = tb.Alias });
+                        var whereSql = ExpressionLambdaToSql(expExp.Body, new ExpTSC
+                        {
+                            _tables =
+                            isMultitb ? new List<SelectTableInfo>(new[] { tb }) : null,
+                            _selectColumnMap = null,
+                            diymemexp = null,
+                            tbtype = SelectTableInfoType.From,
+                            isQuoteName = true,
+                            isDisableDiyParse = false,
+                            style = ExpressionStyle.Where,
+                            currentTable = tb.Table,
+                            alias001 = tb.Alias
+                        });
                         whereSql = GetBoolString(expExp.Body, whereSql);
                         if (isEmpty == false)
                             sb.Append(" AND ");
@@ -2149,7 +2162,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 e.Result = $"({select.ToSql().Replace(" \r\n", " \r\n    ")})";
                                 return;
                             }
-                            throw throwCallExp(" 不支持");
+                            throw throwCallExp(CoreStrings.Not_Support);
                         case "ToList":
                             if (callExp.Arguments.Count == 1)
                             {
@@ -2158,7 +2171,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 e.Result = $"({select.ToSql().Replace(" \r\n", " \r\n    ")})";
                                 return;
                             }
-                            throw throwCallExp(" 不支持");
+                            throw throwCallExp(CoreStrings.Not_Support);
                         case "Contains":
                             if (callExp.Arguments.Count == 2)
                             {
@@ -2176,7 +2189,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 select.Distinct();
                                 break;
                             }
-                            throw throwCallExp(" 不支持");
+                            throw throwCallExp(CoreStrings.Not_Support);
                         case "OrderBy":
                             select._tables[0].Parameter = (callExp.Arguments[1] as LambdaExpression)?.Parameters.FirstOrDefault();
                             LocalSetSelectProviderAlias(select._tables[0].Parameter.Name);
@@ -2207,7 +2220,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 select.InternalWhere(whereParam);
                                 break;
                             }
-                            throw throwCallExp(" 不支持");
+                            throw throwCallExp(CoreStrings.Not_Support);
 
                         case "Skip":
                             select.Offset((int)callExp.Arguments[1].GetConstExprValue());
@@ -2225,9 +2238,9 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 select._selectExpression = selectParam;
                                 break;
                             }
-                            throw throwCallExp(" 不支持");
+                            throw throwCallExp(CoreStrings.Not_Support);
                     }
-                    Exception throwCallExp(string message) => new Exception($"解析失败 {callExp.Method.Name} {message}");
+                    Exception throwCallExp(string message) => new Exception(CoreStrings.Parsing_Failed(callExp.Method.Name,message));
                 }
             }
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProvider.cs
index 0c82881c..ae30c2fe 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProvider.cs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 using FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool;
 using System;
 using System.Collections;
-using System.Collections.Concurrent;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Data;
 using System.Data.Common;
@@ -631,7 +630,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                             ReturnConnection(pool, conn, ex); //pool.Return(conn, ex);
                             if (IsTracePerformance) logtxt.Append("Pool.Return: ").Append(DateTime.Now.Subtract(logtxt_dt).TotalMilliseconds).Append("ms Total: ").Append(DateTime.Now.Subtract(dt).TotalMilliseconds).Append("ms");
                         }
-                        LoggerException(pool, pc, new Exception($"连接失败，准备切换其他可用服务器"), dt, logtxt, false);
+                        LoggerException(pool, pc, new Exception(CoreStrings.Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers), dt, logtxt, false);
                         pc.cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                         if (DataType == DataType.Sqlite) pc.cmd.Dispose();
                         ExecuteReaderMultiple(multipleResult, connection, transaction, fetchHandler, schemaHandler, cmdType, cmdText, cmdTimeout, cmdParms);
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderAsync.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderAsync.cs
index 52f88e68..23a12c2f 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderAsync.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderAsync.cs
@@ -537,7 +537,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                             ReturnConnection(pool, conn, ex); //pool.Return(conn, ex);
                             if (IsTracePerformance) logtxt.Append("Pool.Return: ").Append(DateTime.Now.Subtract(logtxt_dt).TotalMilliseconds).Append("ms Total: ").Append(DateTime.Now.Subtract(dt).TotalMilliseconds).Append("ms");
                         }
-                        LoggerException(pool, pc, new Exception($"连接失败，准备切换其他可用服务器"), dt, logtxt, false);
+                        LoggerException(pool, pc, new Exception(CoreStrings.Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers), dt, logtxt, false);
                         pc.cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                         if (DataType == DataType.Sqlite) pc.cmd.Dispose();
                         await ExecuteReaderMultipleAsync(multipleResult, connection, transaction, fetchHandler, schemaHandler, cmdType, cmdText, cmdTimeout, cmdParms, cancellationToken);
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderTransaction.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderTransaction.cs
index a936f767..f0e49e74 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderTransaction.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/AdoProvider/AdoProviderTransaction.cs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             _trans.TryRemove(tran.Connection.LastGetThreadId, out var oldtran);
 
             Exception ex = null;
-            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(remark)) remark = isCommit ? "提交" : "回滚";
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(remark)) remark = isCommit ? CoreStrings.Commit : CoreStrings.RollBack;
             try
             {
                 if (tran.Transaction.Connection != null) //用户自行 Commit、Rollback
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/BaseDbProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/BaseDbProvider.cs
index 96528c44..f7e77bc2 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/BaseDbProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/BaseDbProvider.cs
@@ -18,23 +18,23 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public IInsert<T1> Insert<T1>() where T1 : class => CreateInsertProvider<T1>();
         public IInsert<T1> Insert<T1>(T1 source) where T1 : class
         {
-            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception("请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据");
+            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Use_InsertDict_Method);
             return this.Insert<T1>().AppendData(source);
         }
         public IInsert<T1> Insert<T1>(T1[] source) where T1 : class
         {
-            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception("请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据");
+            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Use_InsertDict_Method);
             return this.Insert<T1>().AppendData(source);
         }
         public IInsert<T1> Insert<T1>(List<T1> source) where T1 : class
         {
 
-            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception("请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据");
+            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Use_InsertDict_Method);
             return this.Insert<T1>().AppendData(source);
         }
         public IInsert<T1> Insert<T1>(IEnumerable<T1> source) where T1 : class
         {
-            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception("请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据");
+            if (typeof(T1) == typeof(Dictionary<string, object>)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Use_InsertDict_Method);
             return this.Insert<T1>().AppendData(source);
         }
         public IUpdate<T1> Update<T1>() where T1 : class => CreateUpdateProvider<T1>(null);
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/DeleteProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/DeleteProvider.cs
index 0fe798c0..21f814da 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/DeleteProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/DeleteProvider.cs
@@ -160,10 +160,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IDelete<T1> AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("IDelete.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("IDelete"));
             if (entityType == _table.Type) return this;
             var newtb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
-            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception("IDelete.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("IDelete"));
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure(entityType);
             return this;
         }
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertOrUpdateProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertOrUpdateProvider.cs
index 3e6b4a97..436bfff6 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertOrUpdateProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertOrUpdateProvider.cs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             _commonExpression = commonExpression;
             _table = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(typeof(T1));
             if (_table == null && typeof(T1) != typeof(Dictionary<string, object>))
-                throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate<>的泛型参数 不支持 {typeof(T1)},请传递您的实体类");
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity(typeof(T1)));
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure && typeof(T1) != typeof(object)) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure<T1>();
             IdentityColumn = _table?.Primarys.Where(a => a.Attribute.IsIdentity).FirstOrDefault();
         }
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         {
             if (data == null || table == null) return;
             if (typeof(T1) == typeof(object) && new[] { table.Type, table.TypeLazy }.Contains(data.GetType()) == false)
-                throw new Exception($"操作的数据类型({data.GetType().DisplayCsharp()}) 与 AsType({table.Type.DisplayCsharp()}) 不一致，请检查。");
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.DataType_AsType_Inconsistent(data.GetType().DisplayCsharp(), table.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
             if (orm.Aop.AuditValueHandler == null) return;
             foreach (var col in table.Columns.Values)
             {
@@ -157,10 +157,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IInsertOrUpdate<T1> AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("IInsertOrUpdate.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("IInsertOrUpdate"));
             if (entityType == _table.Type) return this;
             var newtb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
-            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception("IInsertOrUpdate.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("IInsertOrUpdate"));
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure(entityType);
             IdentityColumn = _table.Primarys.Where(a => a.Attribute.IsIdentity).FirstOrDefault();
             return this;
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                     _SplitSourceByIdentityValueIsNullFlag = 1;
                     foreach (var tmpsource in ss.Item1)
                     {
-                        _source = tmpsource; 
+                        _source = tmpsource;
                         affrows += this.RawExecuteAffrows();
                     }
                     _SplitSourceByIdentityValueIsNullFlag = 2;
@@ -299,12 +299,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 affrows += this.RawExecuteAffrows();
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -417,12 +417,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 affrows += await this.RawExecuteAffrowsAsync(cancellationToken);
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProvider.cs
index fb2e67ea..4fa5a197 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProvider.cs
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         {
             if (data == null || table == null) return;
             if (typeof(T1) == typeof(object) && new[] { table.Type, table.TypeLazy }.Contains(data.GetType()) == false)
-                throw new Exception($"操作的数据类型({data.GetType().DisplayCsharp()}) 与 AsType({table.Type.DisplayCsharp()}) 不一致，请检查。");
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.DataType_AsType_Inconsistent(data.GetType().DisplayCsharp(), table.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
             foreach (var col in table.Columns.Values)
             {
                 object val = col.GetValue(data);
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = _orm.Ado.MasterPool.Get())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -296,12 +296,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret += this.RawExecuteAffrows();
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = _orm.Ado.MasterPool.Get())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -377,12 +377,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 else ret = this.RawExecuteIdentity();
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = _orm.Ado.MasterPool.Get())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -456,12 +456,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret.AddRange(this.RawExecuteInserted());
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -571,11 +571,11 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IInsert<T1> AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("IInsert.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("IInsert"));
             if (entityType == typeof(T1)) return this;
             if (entityType == _table.Type) return this;
             var newtb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
-            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception("IInsert.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("IInsert"));
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure(entityType);
             IgnoreCanInsert();
             return this;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProviderAsync.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProviderAsync.cs
index 1dfefd6b..54b94b27 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProviderAsync.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/InsertProviderAsync.cs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = await _orm.Ado.MasterPool.GetAsync())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -70,12 +70,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret += await this.RawExecuteAffrowsAsync(cancellationToken);
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = await _orm.Ado.MasterPool.GetAsync())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -151,12 +151,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 else ret = await this.RawExecuteIdentityAsync(cancellationToken);
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = await _orm.Ado.MasterPool.GetAsync())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -230,12 +230,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret.AddRange(await this.RawExecuteInsertedAsync(cancellationToken));
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0Provider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0Provider.cs
index 2df311fc..102689fa 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0Provider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0Provider.cs
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         break;
                     }
                 }
-                if (exp == null) throw new Exception($"无法匹配 {property}");
+                if (exp == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Cannot_Match_Property(property));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 {
                     var tmp1 = field[x];
                     if (_commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(currentType).Properties.TryGetValue(tmp1, out var prop) == false)
-                        throw new ArgumentException($"{currentType.DisplayCsharp()} 无法找到属性名 {tmp1}");
+                        throw new ArgumentException($"{currentType.DisplayCsharp()} {CoreStrings.NotFound_PropertyName(tmp1)}");
                     currentType = prop.PropertyType;
                     currentExp = Expression.MakeMemberAccess(currentExp, prop);
                 }
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public static MethodInfo GetMethodEnumerable(string methodName) => MethodEnumerableDic.GetOrAdd(methodName, et =>
         {
             var methods = typeof(Enumerable).GetMethods().Where(a => a.Name == et);
-            if (et == "Select") 
+            if (et == "Select")
                 return methods.Where(a => a.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(Func<,>)).FirstOrDefault();
             return methods.FirstOrDefault();
         });
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public TSelect RightJoin(Expression<Func<T1, bool>> exp)
         {
-            if (exp == null) return this as TSelect; 
+            if (exp == null) return this as TSelect;
             _tables[0].Parameter = exp.Parameters[0];
             return this.InternalJoin(exp?.Body, SelectTableInfoType.RightJoin);
         }
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IDelete<T1> ToDelete()
         {
-            if (_tables[0].Table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"ToDelete 功能要求实体类 {_tables[0].Table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+            if (_tables[0].Table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Entity_Must_Primary_Key("ToDelete", _tables[0].Table.CsName));
             var del = (_orm as BaseDbProvider).CreateDeleteProvider<T1>(null) as DeleteProvider<T1>;
             if (_tables[0].Table.Type != typeof(T1)) del.AsType(_tables[0].Table.Type);
             if (_params.Any()) del._params = new List<DbParameter>(_params.ToArray());
@@ -441,7 +441,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IUpdate<T1> ToUpdate()
         {
-            if (_tables[0].Table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"ToUpdate 功能要求实体类 {_tables[0].Table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+            if (_tables[0].Table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Entity_Must_Primary_Key("ToUpdate", _tables[0].Table.CsName));
             var upd = (_orm as BaseDbProvider).CreateUpdateProvider<T1>(null) as UpdateProvider<T1>;
             if (_tables[0].Table.Type != typeof(T1)) upd.AsType(_tables[0].Table.Type);
             if (_params.Any()) upd._params = new List<DbParameter>(_params.ToArray());
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         protected List<Dictionary<Type, string>> GetTableRuleUnions()
         {
             var unions = new List<Dictionary<Type, string>>();
-            var trs = _tableRules.Any() ? _tableRules : new List<Func<Type, string, string>>(new [] { new Func<Type, string, string>((type, oldname) => null) });
+            var trs = _tableRules.Any() ? _tableRules : new List<Func<Type, string, string>>(new[] { new Func<Type, string, string>((type, oldname) => null) });
 
             if (trs.Count == 1 && _tables.Any(a => a.Table.AsTableImpl != null && string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(trs[0](a.Table.Type, a.Table.DbName)) == true))
             {
@@ -576,10 +576,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public TSelect AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("ISelect.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("ISelect"));
             if (entityType == _tables[0].Table.Type) return this as TSelect;
             var newtb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
-            _tables[0].Table = newtb ?? throw new Exception("ISelect.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _tables[0].Table = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("ISelect"));
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure(entityType);
             return this as TSelect;
         }
@@ -624,14 +624,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                     {
                         case DynamicFilterOperator.Custom:
                             var fiValueCustomArray = fi.Field?.ToString().Split(new[] { ' ' }, 2);
-                            if (fiValueCustomArray.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException("Custom 要求 Field 应该空格分割，并且长度为 2，格式：{静态方法名}{空格}{反射信息}");
-                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fiValueCustomArray[0])) throw new ArgumentException("Custom {静态方法名}不能为空，格式：{静态方法名}{空格}{反射信息}");
-                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fiValueCustomArray[1])) throw new ArgumentException("Custom {反射信息}不能为空，格式：{静态方法名}{空格}{反射信息}");
+                            if (fiValueCustomArray.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces);
+                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fiValueCustomArray[0])) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull);
+                            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fiValueCustomArray[1])) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull);
                             var fiValue1Type = Type.GetType(fiValueCustomArray[1]);
-                            if (fiValue1Type == null) throw new ArgumentException($"Custom 找不到对应的{{反射信息}}：{fiValueCustomArray[1]}");
+                            if (fiValue1Type == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.NotFound_Reflection(fiValueCustomArray[1]));
                             var fiValue0Method = fiValue1Type.GetMethod(fiValueCustomArray[0], new Type[] { typeof(string) });
-                            if (fiValue0Method == null) throw new ArgumentException($"Custom 找不到对应的{{静态方法名}}：{fiValueCustomArray[0]}");
-                            if (MethodIsDynamicFilterCustomAttribute(fiValue0Method) == false) throw new ArgumentException($"Custom 对应的{{静态方法名}}：{fiValueCustomArray[0]} 未设置 [DynamicFilterCustomAttribute] 特性");
+                            if (fiValue0Method == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.NotFound_Static_MethodName(fiValueCustomArray[0]));
+                            if (MethodIsDynamicFilterCustomAttribute(fiValue0Method) == false) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom(fiValueCustomArray[0]));
                             var fiValue0MethodReturn = fiValue0Method?.Invoke(null, new object[] { fi.Value?.ToString() })?.ToString();
                             exp = Expression.Call(typeof(SqlExt).GetMethod("InternalRawSql", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static), Expression.Constant(fiValue0MethodReturn, typeof(string)));
                             break;
@@ -669,20 +669,20 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         case DynamicFilterOperator.LessThanOrEqual: exp = Expression.Call(typeof(SqlExt).GetMethod("LessThanOrEqual").MakeGenericMethod(exp.Type), exp, Expression.Constant(Utils.GetDataReaderValue(exp.Type, fi.Value?.ToString()), exp.Type)); break;
                         case DynamicFilterOperator.Range:
                             var fiValueRangeArray = getFiListValue();
-                            if (fiValueRangeArray.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException($"Range 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2");
+                            if (fiValueRangeArray.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char);
                             exp = Expression.AndAlso(
                                 Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(exp, Expression.Constant(Utils.GetDataReaderValue(exp.Type, fiValueRangeArray[0]), exp.Type)),
                                 Expression.LessThan(exp, Expression.Constant(Utils.GetDataReaderValue(exp.Type, fiValueRangeArray[1]), exp.Type)));
                             break;
                         case DynamicFilterOperator.DateRange:
                             var fiValueDateRangeArray = getFiListValue();
-                            if (fiValueDateRangeArray?.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException($"DateRange 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2");
+                            if (fiValueDateRangeArray?.Length != 2) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char);
                             if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[1], @"^\d\d\d\d[\-/]\d\d?[\-/]\d\d?$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[1] = DateTime.Parse(fiValueDateRangeArray[1]).AddDays(1).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                             else if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[1], @"^\d\d\d\d[\-/]\d\d?$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[1] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[1]}-01").AddMonths(1).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                             else if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[1], @"^\d\d\d\d$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[1] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[1]}-01-01").AddYears(1).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                             else if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[1], @"^\d\d\d\d[\-/]\d\d?[\-/]\d\d? \d\d?$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[1] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[1]}:00:00").AddHours(1).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                             else if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[1], @"^\d\d\d\d[\-/]\d\d?[\-/]\d\d? \d\d?:\d\d?$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[1] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[1]}:00").AddMinutes(1).ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
-                            else throw new ArgumentException($"DateRange 要求 Value[1] 格式必须为：yyyy、yyyy-MM、yyyy-MM-dd、yyyy-MM-dd HH、yyyy、yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm");
+                            else throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy);
 
                             if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[0], @"^\d\d\d\d[\-/]\d\d?$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[0] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[0]}-01").ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
                             else if (Regex.IsMatch(fiValueDateRangeArray[0], @"^\d\d\d\d$")) fiValueDateRangeArray[0] = DateTime.Parse($"{fiValueDateRangeArray[0]}-01-01").ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
@@ -779,7 +779,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             }
             catch { }
 
-            var dyattr = attrs?.Where(a => {
+            var dyattr = attrs?.Where(a =>
+            {
                 return ((a as Attribute)?.TypeId as Type)?.Name == "DynamicFilterCustomAttribute";
             }).FirstOrDefault();
             return dyattr != null;
@@ -805,7 +806,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public TSelect ForUpdate(bool noawait = false)
         {
             if (_transaction == null && _orm.Ado.TransactionCurrentThread == null)
-                throw new Exception("安全起见，请务必在事务开启之后，再使用 ForUpdate");
+                throw new Exception($"{CoreStrings.Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate}");
             switch (_orm.Ado.DataType)
             {
                 case DataType.MySql:
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0ProviderReader.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0ProviderReader.cs
index d3612d7d..6de1859e 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0ProviderReader.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select0ProviderReader.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-using FreeSql.Internal.Model;
+using FreeSql.Internal.Model;
 using System;
 using System.Collections;
 using System.Collections.Concurrent;
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
     {
         public DataTable ToDataTableByPropertyName(string[] properties)
         {
-            if (properties?.Any() != true) throw new ArgumentException($"properties 参数不能为空");
+            if (properties?.Any() != true) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Properties_Cannot_Null}");
             var sbfield = new StringBuilder();
             for (var propIdx = 0; propIdx < properties.Length; propIdx++)
             {
                 var property = properties[propIdx];
                 var exp = ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(property);
-                if (exp == null) throw new Exception($"{property} 属性名无法找到");
+                if (exp == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Property_Cannot_Find(property));
                 var field = _commonExpression.ExpressionSelectColumn_MemberAccess(_tables, null, SelectTableInfoType.From, exp, true, null);
                 if (propIdx > 0) sbfield.Append(", ");
                 sbfield.Append(field);
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public void ToChunk(int size, Action<FetchCallbackArgs<List<T1>>> done, bool includeNestedMembers = false)
         {
-            if (_selectExpression != null) throw new ArgumentException("Chunk 功能之前不可使用 Select");
+            if (_selectExpression != null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select);
             this.ToListChunkPrivate(size, done, includeNestedMembers == false ? this.GetAllFieldExpressionTreeLevel2() : this.GetAllFieldExpressionTreeLevelAll(), null);
         }
 
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         protected TSelect InternalJoin<T2>(Expression exp, SelectTableInfoType joinType)
         {
             var tb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(typeof(T2));
-            if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException("T2 类型错误");
+            if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.T2_Type_Error);
             _tables.Add(new SelectTableInfo { Table = tb, Alias = $"IJ{_tables.Count}", On = null, Type = joinType });
             _commonExpression.ExpressionJoinLambda(_tables, joinType, exp, null, _whereGlobalFilter);
             return this as TSelect;
@@ -817,7 +817,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         protected string InternalGetInsertIntoToSql<TTargetEntity>(string tableName, Expression select)
         {
             var tb = _orm.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(typeof(TTargetEntity));
-            if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"ISelect.InsertInto() 类型错误: {typeof(TTargetEntity).DisplayCsharp()}");
+            if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.InsertInto_TypeError(typeof(TTargetEntity).DisplayCsharp()));
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(tableName)) tableName = tb.DbName;
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsSyncStructureToLower) tableName = tableName.ToLower();
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsSyncStructureToUpper) tableName = tableName.ToUpper();
@@ -829,8 +829,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             _commonExpression.ReadAnonymousField(_tables, field, map, ref index, select, null, null, _whereGlobalFilter, null, false); //不走 DTO 映射，不处理 IncludeMany
             
             var childs = map.Childs;
-            if (childs.Any() == false) throw new ArgumentException($"ISelect.InsertInto() 未选择属性: {typeof(TTargetEntity).DisplayCsharp()}");
-            foreach(var col in tb.Columns.Values)
+            if (childs.Any() == false) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.InsertInto_No_Property_Selected(typeof(TTargetEntity).DisplayCsharp()));
+            foreach (var col in tb.Columns.Values)
             {
                 if (col.Attribute.IsIdentity && string.IsNullOrEmpty(col.DbInsertValue)) continue;
                 if (col.Attribute.CanInsert == false) continue;
@@ -923,13 +923,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
 #else
         public Task<DataTable> ToDataTableByPropertyNameAsync(string[] properties, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
-            if (properties?.Any() != true) throw new ArgumentException($"properties 参数不能为空");
+            if (properties?.Any() != true) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Properties_Cannot_Null}");
             var sbfield = new StringBuilder();
             for (var propIdx = 0; propIdx < properties.Length; propIdx++)
             {
                 var property = properties[propIdx];
                 var exp = ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(property);
-                if (exp == null) throw new Exception($"{property} 属性名无法找到");
+                if (exp == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Property_Cannot_Find(property));
                 var field = _commonExpression.ExpressionSelectColumn_MemberAccess(_tables, null, SelectTableInfoType.From, exp, true, null);
                 if (propIdx > 0) sbfield.Append(", ");
                 sbfield.Append(field);
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select1Provider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select1Provider.cs
index eac3f213..b95269db 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select1Provider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/Select1Provider.cs
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 for (var a = 1; a < lambdaExp.Parameters.Count; a++)
                 {
                     var tb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(lambdaExp.Parameters[a].Type);
-                    if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{lambdaExp.Parameters[a].Name} 类型错误");
+                    if (tb == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Type_Error_Name(lambdaExp.Parameters[a].Name));
                     _tables.Add(new SelectTableInfo { Table = tb, Alias = lambdaExp.Parameters[a].Name, On = null, Type = SelectTableInfoType.From });
                 }
             }
@@ -81,8 +81,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         case "LeftJoin": this.InternalJoin(expCall.Arguments[0], SelectTableInfoType.LeftJoin); break;
                         case "InnerJoin": this.InternalJoin(expCall.Arguments[0], SelectTableInfoType.InnerJoin); break;
                         case "RightJoin": this.InternalJoin(expCall.Arguments[0], SelectTableInfoType.RightJoin); break;
-
-                        default: throw new NotImplementedException($"未实现 {expCall.Method.Name}");
+                        default: throw new NotImplementedException(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Name(expCall.Method.Name));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class;
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class where T9 : class;
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class where T9 : class where T10 : class;
-        
+
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class where T9 : class where T10 : class where T11 : class;
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class where T9 : class where T10 : class where T11 : class where T12 : class;
         public abstract ISelect<T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13> From<T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13>(Expression<Func<ISelectFromExpression<T1>, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11, T12, T13, ISelectFromExpression<T1>>> exp) where T2 : class where T3 : class where T4 : class where T5 : class where T6 : class where T7 : class where T8 : class where T9 : class where T10 : class where T11 : class where T12 : class where T13 : class;
@@ -244,7 +243,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 var splitKeys = fim.Item1.Split('.');
                 var otherRetItem = otherRet[fim.Item3];
                 var otherRetItemType = _tables[0].Table.Type;
-                foreach(var splitKey in splitKeys)
+                foreach (var splitKey in splitKeys)
                 {
                     otherRetItem = _orm.GetEntityValueWithPropertyName(otherRetItemType, otherRetItem, splitKey);
                     otherRetItemType = _orm.CodeFirst.GetTableByEntity(otherRetItemType).Properties[splitKey].PropertyType;
@@ -263,7 +262,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 .Where(a => a.Value.CsType != a.Value.Attribute.MapType)
                 .Select(a => new { DtoProperty = typeof(TDto).GetProperty(a.Value.CsName), EntityProperty = _tables[0].Table.Properties[a.Value.CsName], Column = a.Value })
                 .Where(a => a.DtoProperty != null)
-                .Select(a => 
+                .Select(a =>
                     a.DtoProperty.PropertyType == a.EntityProperty.PropertyType ?
                     Expression.Bind(a.DtoProperty, Expression.MakeMemberAccess(expParam, a.EntityProperty)) :
                     Expression.Bind(a.DtoProperty, Expression.Convert(Expression.MakeMemberAccess(expParam, a.EntityProperty), a.DtoProperty.PropertyType))
@@ -408,13 +407,13 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public ISelect<T1> IncludeByPropertyName(string property)
         {
             var exp = ConvertStringPropertyToExpression(property, true);
-            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树");
+            if (exp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property))}");
             var memExp = exp as MemberExpression;
-            if (memExp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树2");
+            if (memExp == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property))}2");
             var parTb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(memExp.Expression.Type);
-            if (parTb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 无法解析为表达式树3");
+            if (parTb == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{CoreStrings.Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(nameof(property))}3");
             var parTbref = parTb.GetTableRef(memExp.Member.Name, true);
-            if (parTbref == null) throw new ArgumentException($"{nameof(property)} 不是有效的导航属性");
+            if (parTbref == null) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Not_Valid_Navigation_Property(nameof(property)));
             switch (parTbref.RefType)
             {
                 case TableRefType.ManyToMany:
@@ -422,7 +421,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                     var funcType = typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(_tables[0].Table.Type, typeof(IEnumerable<>).MakeGenericType(parTbref.RefEntityType));
                     var navigateSelector = Expression.Lambda(funcType, exp, _tables[0].Parameter);
                     var incMethod = this.GetType().GetMethod("IncludeMany");
-                    if (incMethod == null) throw new Exception("运行时错误，反射获取 IncludeMany 方法失败");
+                    if (incMethod == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany);
                     incMethod.MakeGenericMethod(parTbref.RefEntityType).Invoke(this, new object[] { navigateSelector, null });
                     break;
                 case TableRefType.ManyToOne:
@@ -441,10 +440,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         {
             var expBody = navigateSelector?.Body;
             if (expBody == null) return this;
-            if (expBody.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) throw new Exception("Include 参数类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess");
-            if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(expBody.Type)) throw new Exception("Include 参数类型错误，集合属性请使用 IncludeMany");
+            if (expBody.NodeType != ExpressionType.MemberAccess) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess);
+            if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(expBody.Type)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany);
             var tb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(expBody.Type);
-            if (tb == null) throw new Exception("Include 参数类型错误");
+            if (tb == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Include_ParameterType_Error);
 
             _isIncluded = true;
             _tables[0].Parameter = navigateSelector.Parameters[0];
@@ -472,18 +471,18 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         isbreak = true;
                         break;
                     default:
-                        throw new Exception($"表达式错误，它不是连续的 MemberAccess 类型：{exp}");
+                        throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type(exp));
                 }
             }
-            if (param == null) throw new Exception($"表达式错误，它的顶级对象不是 ParameterExpression：{exp}");
+            if (param == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression(exp));
             return NativeTuple.Create(param, members.ToList());
         }
         static MethodInfo GetEntityValueWithPropertyNameMethod = typeof(EntityUtilExtensions).GetMethod("GetEntityValueWithPropertyName");
         static ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ConcurrentDictionary<string, MethodInfo>> _dicTypeMethod = new ConcurrentDictionary<Type, ConcurrentDictionary<string, MethodInfo>>();
         public ISelect<T1> IncludeMany<TNavigate>(Expression<Func<T1, IEnumerable<TNavigate>>> navigateSelector, Action<ISelect<TNavigate>> then = null) where TNavigate : class
         {
-            var throwNavigateSelector = new Exception("IncludeMany 参数1 类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess");
-
+            var throwNavigateSelector = new Exception(CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess);
+            
             var expBody = navigateSelector?.Body;
             if (expBody == null) return this;
             if (expBody.NodeType == ExpressionType.Convert) expBody = (expBody as UnaryExpression)?.Operand; //- 兼容 Vb.Net 无法使用 IncludeMany 的问题；
@@ -492,7 +491,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             Expression<Func<TNavigate, TNavigate>> selectExp = null;
             while (expBody.NodeType == ExpressionType.Call)
             {
-                throwNavigateSelector = new Exception($"IncludeMany {nameof(navigateSelector)} 参数类型错误，正确格式： a.collections.Take(1).Where(c => c.aid == a.id).Select(a => new TNavigate {{ }})");
+                throwNavigateSelector = new Exception(CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError(nameof(navigateSelector)));
                 var callExp = (expBody as MethodCallExpression);
                 switch (callExp.Method.Name)
                 {
@@ -504,7 +503,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         break;
                     case "Select":
                         selectExp = (callExp.Arguments[1] as Expression<Func<TNavigate, TNavigate>>);
-                        if (selectExp?.Parameters.Count != 1) throw new Exception($"IncludeMany {nameof(navigateSelector)} 参数错误，Select 只可以使用一个参数的方法，正确格式： .Select(t => new TNavigate {{ }})");
+                        if (selectExp?.Parameters.Count != 1) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter(nameof(navigateSelector)));
                         break;
                     default: throw throwNavigateSelector;
                 }
@@ -519,10 +518,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             var tb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(collMem.Expression.Type);
             if (tb == null) throw throwNavigateSelector;
             var collMemElementType = (collMem.Type.IsGenericType ? collMem.Type.GetGenericArguments().FirstOrDefault() : collMem.Type.GetElementType());
-            if (typeof(TNavigate) != collMemElementType) 
-                throw new Exception($"IncludeMany {nameof(navigateSelector)} 参数错误，Select lambda参数返回值必须和 {collMemElementType} 类型一致");
+            if (typeof(TNavigate) != collMemElementType)
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType(nameof(navigateSelector), collMemElementType));
             var tbNav = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(typeof(TNavigate));
-            if (tbNav == null) throw new Exception($"类型 {typeof(TNavigate).FullName} 错误，不能使用 IncludeMany");
+            if (tbNav == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany(typeof(TNavigate).FullName));
 
             if (collMem.Expression.NodeType != ExpressionType.Parameter)
                 _commonExpression.ExpressionWhereLambda(_tables, Expression.MakeMemberAccess(collMem.Expression, tb.Properties[tb.ColumnsByCs.First().Value.CsName]), null, null, null);
@@ -532,7 +531,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             if (whereExp == null)
             {
                 tbref = tb.GetTableRef(collMem.Member.Name, true);
-                if (tbref == null) throw new Exception($"IncludeMany 类型 {tb.Type.DisplayCsharp()} 的属性 {collMem.Member.Name} 不是有效的导航属性，提示：IsIgnore = true 不会成为导航属性");
+                if (tbref == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation(tb.Type.DisplayCsharp(), collMem.Member.Name));
             }
             else
             {
@@ -834,7 +833,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                     dicList.Clear();
                 };
 
-                if (tbref.RefType ==  TableRefType.OneToMany && _includeManySubListOneToManyTempValue1 != null && _includeManySubListOneToManyTempValue1 is List<TNavigate>)
+                if (tbref.RefType == TableRefType.OneToMany && _includeManySubListOneToManyTempValue1 != null && _includeManySubListOneToManyTempValue1 is List<TNavigate>)
                 {
                     fillOneToManyData(_includeManySubListOneToManyTempValue1 as List<TNavigate>, _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(tbref.RefEntityType));
                     return;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/SelectGroupingProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/SelectGroupingProvider.cs
index 383c1ed2..d9b2bba3 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/SelectGroupingProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/SelectProvider/SelectGroupingProvider.cs
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         public string InternalToSql(string field)
         {
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(field))
-                throw new ArgumentException("参数 field 未指定");
+                throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.Parameter_Field_NotSpecified);
 
             var isNestedPageSql = false;
             switch (_orm.Ado.DataType)
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProvider.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProvider.cs
index 095400c6..c70ba516 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProvider.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProvider.cs
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             if (_table.VersionColumn != null && _source.Count > 0)
             {
                 if (affrows != _source.Count)
-                    throw new DbUpdateVersionException($"记录可能不存在，或者【行级乐观锁】版本过旧，更新数量{_source.Count}，影响的行数{affrows}。", _table, sql, dbParms, affrows, _source.Select(a => (object)a));
+                    throw new DbUpdateVersionException(CoreStrings.DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock(_source.Count, affrows), _table, sql, dbParms, affrows, _source.Select(a => (object)a));
                 foreach (var d in _source)
                 {
                     if (_table.VersionColumn.Attribute.MapType == typeof(byte[]))
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = _orm.Ado.MasterPool.Get())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -239,12 +239,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret += this.RawExecuteAffrows();
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = _orm.Ado.MasterPool.Get())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -313,12 +313,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret.AddRange(this.RawExecuteUpdated());
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -428,7 +428,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             if (orm.Aop.AuditValueHandler == null) return;
             if (data == null || table == null) return;
             if (typeof(T1) == typeof(object) && new[] { table.Type, table.TypeLazy }.Contains(data.GetType()) == false)
-                throw new Exception($"操作的数据类型({data.GetType().DisplayCsharp()}) 与 AsType({table.Type.DisplayCsharp()}) 不一致，请检查。");
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.DataType_AsType_Inconsistent(data.GetType().DisplayCsharp(), table.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
             foreach (var col in table.Columns.Values)
             {
                 object val = col.GetValue(data);
@@ -558,9 +558,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                             if (initAssignExp == null) continue;
                             var memberName = initExp.Bindings[a].Member.Name;
                             if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(memberName)) continue;
-                            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(memberName, out var col) == false) throw new Exception($"找不到属性：{memberName}");
-                            var memberValue = _commonExpression.ExpressionLambdaToSql(initAssignExp.Expression, new CommonExpression.ExpTSC { isQuoteName = true, 
-                                mapType = initAssignExp.Expression is BinaryExpression ? null : col.Attribute.MapType });
+                            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(memberName, out var col) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.NotFound_Property(memberName));
+                            var memberValue = _commonExpression.ExpressionLambdaToSql(initAssignExp.Expression, new CommonExpression.ExpTSC
+                            {
+                                isQuoteName = true,
+                                mapType = initAssignExp.Expression is BinaryExpression ? null : col.Attribute.MapType
+                            });
                             _setIncr.Append(", ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(col.Attribute.Name)).Append(" = ").Append(memberValue);
                         }
                     }
@@ -573,9 +576,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                         {
                             var memberName = newExp.Members[a].Name;
                             if (_table.ColumnsByCsIgnore.ContainsKey(memberName)) continue;
-                            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(memberName, out var col) == false) throw new Exception($"找不到属性：{memberName}");
-                            var memberValue = _commonExpression.ExpressionLambdaToSql(newExp.Arguments[a], new CommonExpression.ExpTSC { isQuoteName = true, 
-                                mapType = newExp.Arguments[a] is BinaryExpression ? null : col.Attribute.MapType });
+                            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(memberName, out var col) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.NotFound_Property(memberName));
+                            var memberValue = _commonExpression.ExpressionLambdaToSql(newExp.Arguments[a], new CommonExpression.ExpTSC
+                            {
+                                isQuoteName = true,
+                                mapType = newExp.Arguments[a] is BinaryExpression ? null : col.Attribute.MapType
+                            });
                             _setIncr.Append(", ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(col.Attribute.Name)).Append(" = ").Append(memberValue);
                         }
                     }
@@ -672,7 +678,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         protected string WhereCaseSource(string CsName, Func<string, string> thenValue)
         {
             if (_source.Any() == false) return null;
-            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(CsName) == false) throw new Exception($"找不到 {CsName} 对应的列");
+            if (_table.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(CsName) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.NotFound_CsName_Column(CsName));
             if (thenValue == null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(thenValue));
 
             if (_source.Count == 0) return null;
@@ -757,10 +763,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
         }
         public IUpdate<T1> AsType(Type entityType)
         {
-            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception("IUpdate.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object");
+            if (entityType == typeof(object)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object("IUpdate"));
             if (entityType == _table.Type) return this;
             var newtb = _commonUtils.GetTableByEntity(entityType);
-            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception("IUpdate.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型");
+            _table = newtb ?? throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Type_AsType_Parameter_Error("IUpdate"));
             _tempPrimarys = _table.Primarys;
             if (_orm.CodeFirst.IsAutoSyncStructure) _orm.CodeFirst.SyncStructure(entityType);
             IgnoreCanUpdate();
@@ -1003,7 +1009,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
             sb.Append(" \r\nWHERE ");
             if (_source.Any())
             {
-                if (_tempPrimarys.Any() == false) throw new ArgumentException($"{_table.Type.DisplayCsharp()} 没有定义主键，无法使用 SetSource，请尝试 SetDto 或者 SetSource 指定临时主键");
+                if (_tempPrimarys.Any() == false) throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto(_table.Type.DisplayCsharp()));
                 sb.Append('(').Append(_commonUtils.WhereItems(_tempPrimarys, "", _source)).Append(')');
             }
 
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProviderAsync.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProviderAsync.cs
index 8a2127fe..b06f9d79 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProviderAsync.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/CommonProvider/UpdateProviderAsync.cs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = await _orm.Ado.MasterPool.GetAsync())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -66,12 +66,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret += await this.RawExecuteAffrowsAsync(cancellationToken);
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception("Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决");
+                    if (_orm.Ado.MasterPool == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction);
                     using (var conn = await _orm.Ado.MasterPool.GetAsync())
                     {
                         _transaction = conn.Value.BeginTransaction();
@@ -139,12 +139,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.CommonProvider
                                 ret.AddRange(await this.RawExecuteUpdatedAsync(cancellationToken));
                             }
                             _transaction.Commit();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "提交", null));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.Commit, null));
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
                             _transaction.Rollback();
-                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, "回滚", ex));
+                            _orm.Aop.TraceAfterHandler?.Invoke(this, new Aop.TraceAfterEventArgs(transBefore, CoreStrings.RollBack, ex));
                             throw;
                         }
                         _transaction = null;
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/ObjectPool/ObjectPool.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/ObjectPool/ObjectPool.cs
index fd8fbb0c..d2576de3 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/ObjectPool/ObjectPool.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/ObjectPool/ObjectPool.cs
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool
                     {
 
                         var conn = GetFree(false);
-                        if (conn == null) throw new Exception($"CheckAvailable: Failed to get resource {this.Statistics}");
-
+                        if (conn == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Available_Failed_Get_Resource("CheckAvailable", this.Statistics));
+                        
                         try
                         {
 
-                            if (Policy.OnCheckAvailable(conn) == false) throw new Exception("CheckAvailable: An exception needs to be thrown");
+                            if (Policy.OnCheckAvailable(conn) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Available_Thrown_Exception("CheckAvailable"));
                             break;
 
                         }
@@ -187,22 +187,22 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool
 
             try
             {
-
+                
                 var conn = GetFree(false);
-                if (conn == null) throw new Exception($"LiveCheckAvailable: Failed to get resource {this.Statistics}");
-
+                if (conn == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Available_Failed_Get_Resource("LiveCheckAvailable", this.Statistics));
+              
                 try
                 {
-
-                    if (Policy.OnCheckAvailable(conn) == false) throw new Exception("LiveCheckAvailable: An exception needs to be thrown");
-
+                    
+                    if (Policy.OnCheckAvailable(conn) == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Available_Thrown_Exception("LiveCheckAvailable"));
+                    
                 }
                 finally
                 {
-
+                 
                     Return(conn);
                 }
-
+                
             }
             catch
             {
@@ -275,11 +275,10 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool
         {
 
             if (running == false)
-                throw new ObjectDisposedException($"【{Policy.Name}】The ObjectPool has been disposed, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1079");
+                throw new ObjectDisposedException(CoreStrings.Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose(Policy.Name));
 
             if (checkAvailable && UnavailableException != null)
-                throw new Exception($"【{Policy.Name}】Block access and wait for recovery: {UnavailableException?.Message}, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1080", UnavailableException);
-            //throw new Exception($"【{Policy.Name}】Block access and wait for recovery: {UnavailableException?.Message}");
+                throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Policy_Status_NotAvailable(Policy.Name,UnavailableException?.Message), UnavailableException);
 
             if ((_freeObjects.TryPop(out var obj) == false || obj == null) && _allObjects.Count < Policy.PoolSize)
             {
@@ -341,7 +340,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool
                     Policy.OnGetTimeout();
 
                     if (Policy.IsThrowGetTimeoutException)
-                        throw new TimeoutException($"【{Policy.Name}】ObjectPool.Get() timeout {timeout.Value.TotalSeconds} seconds, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1081");
+                        throw new TimeoutException(CoreStrings.ObjectPool_Get_Timeout(Policy.Name, "Get", timeout.Value.TotalSeconds));
 
                     return null;
                 }
@@ -375,7 +374,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal.ObjectPool
             {
 
                 if (Policy.AsyncGetCapacity > 0 && _getAsyncQueue.Count >= Policy.AsyncGetCapacity - 1)
-                    throw new OutOfMemoryException($"【{Policy.Name}】ObjectPool.GetAsync() The queue is too long. Policy.AsyncGetCapacity = {Policy.AsyncGetCapacity}");
+                    throw new OutOfMemoryException(CoreStrings.ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long(Policy.Name, Policy.AsyncGetCapacity));
 
                 var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<Object<T>>();
 
diff --git a/FreeSql/Internal/UtilsExpressionTree.cs b/FreeSql/Internal/UtilsExpressionTree.cs
index 1aa460ea..ff5fffa1 100644
--- a/FreeSql/Internal/UtilsExpressionTree.cs
+++ b/FreeSql/Internal/UtilsExpressionTree.cs
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     else colattr.IsIgnore = true;
                     //Navigate 错误提示
                     var pnvAttr = common.GetEntityNavigateAttribute(trytb.Type, p);
-                    if (pnvAttr != null) throw new Exception($"【导航属性】{trytb.Type.DisplayCsharp()}.{p.Name} 缺少 set 属性");
+                    if (pnvAttr != null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_Missing_SetProperty(trytb.Type.DisplayCsharp(),p.Name));
                 }
                 if (tp == null && colattr?.IsIgnore != true)
                 {
@@ -381,8 +381,8 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     colattr.DbType = Regex.Replace(colattr.DbType, decimalPatten, $"$1({colattr.Precision},{colattr.Scale})");
                 }
 
-                if (trytb.Columns.ContainsKey(colattr.Name)) throw new Exception($"ColumnAttribute.Name {colattr.Name} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）");
-                if (trytb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(p.Name)) throw new Exception($"属性名 {p.Name} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）");
+                if (trytb.Columns.ContainsKey(colattr.Name)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Duplicate_ColumnAttribute(colattr.Name));
+                if (trytb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(p.Name)) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Duplicate_PropertyName(p.Name));
 
                 trytb.Columns.Add(colattr.Name, col);
                 trytb.ColumnsByCs.Add(p.Name, col);
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
             if (trytb.VersionColumn != null)
             {
                 if (trytb.VersionColumn.Attribute.MapType.IsNullableType() || trytb.VersionColumn.Attribute.MapType.IsNumberType() == false && trytb.VersionColumn.Attribute.MapType != typeof(byte[]))
-                    throw new Exception($"属性{trytb.VersionColumn.CsName} 被标注为行锁（乐观锁）(IsVersion)，但其必须为数字类型 或者 byte[]，并且不可为 Nullable");
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte(trytb.VersionColumn.CsName));
             }
             tbattr?.ParseAsTable(trytb);
 
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
             StringBuilder cscode = null;
             if (common.CodeFirst.IsLazyLoading && propsLazy.Any())
             {
-                if (trytb.Type.IsPublic == false && trytb.Type.IsNestedPublic == false) throw new Exception($"【延时加载】实体类型 {trytbTypeName} 必须声明为 public");
+                if (trytb.Type.IsPublic == false && trytb.Type.IsNestedPublic == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic(trytbTypeName));
 
                 trytbTypeLazyName = $"FreeSqlLazyEntity__{Regex.Replace(trytbTypeName, @"[^\w\d]", "_")}";
 
@@ -576,14 +576,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
             {
                 cscode.AppendLine("}");
                 Assembly assembly = null;
-                if (MethodLazyLoadingComplier.Value == null) throw new Exception("【延时加载】功能需要安装 FreeSql.Extensions.LazyLoading.dll，可前往 nuget 下载");
+                if (MethodLazyLoadingComplier.Value == null) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading);
                 try
                 {
                     assembly = MethodLazyLoadingComplier.Value.Invoke(null, new object[] { cscode.ToString() }) as Assembly;
                 }
                 catch (Exception ex)
                 {
-                    throw new Exception($"【延时加载】{trytbTypeName} 编译错误：{ex.Message}\r\n\r\n{cscode}");
+                    throw new Exception(CoreStrings.LazyLoading_CompilationError(trytbTypeName, ex.Message, cscode)); ;
                 }
                 var type = assembly.GetExportedTypes()/*.DefinedTypes*/.Where(a => a.FullName.EndsWith(trytbTypeLazyName)).FirstOrDefault();
                 trytb.TypeLazy = type;
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                 if (typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(pnv.PropertyType) == false) return;
                 if (trytb.Primarys.Any() == false)
                 {
-                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，实体类型 {trytbTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]");
+                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, trytbTypeName));
                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                     return;
@@ -651,7 +651,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
 
                     if (isManyToMany == false)
                     {
-                        nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 必须存在对应的 [Navigate(ManyToMany = x)] 集合属性");
+                        nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbrefTypeName));
                         trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                         //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                         return;
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                 {
                     if (tbref.Primarys.Any() == false)
                     {
-                        nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]");
+                        nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbrefTypeName));
                         trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                         //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                         return;
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         }
                         catch (Exception ex)
                         {
-                            nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmid.CsName}.{midTypePropsTrytb.Name} 错误：{ex.Message}");
+                            nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTrytb.Name, ex.Message));
                             trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                             //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                         }
@@ -781,7 +781,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         {
                             if (trytbTf.RefType != TableRefType.ManyToOne && trytbTf.RefType != TableRefType.OneToOne)
                             {
-                                nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmid.CsName}.{midTypePropsTrytb.Name} 导航属性不是【ManyToOne】或【OneToOne】");
+                                nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTrytb.Name));
                                 trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                 //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                             }
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             }
                             catch (Exception ex)
                             {
-                                nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {tbrefTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmid.CsName}.{midTypePropsTbref.Name} 错误：{ex.Message}");
+                                nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTbref.Name, ex.Message));
                                 trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                 //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                             }
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             {
                                 if (tbrefTf.RefType != TableRefType.ManyToOne && tbrefTf.RefType != TableRefType.OneToOne)
                                 {
-                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {tbrefTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmid.CsName}.{midTypePropsTbref.Name} 导航属性不是【ManyToOne】或【OneToOne】");
+                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTbref.Name));
                                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                 }
@@ -866,14 +866,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                             }
                             if (trycol != null && trycol.CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != trytb.Primarys[a].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis())
                             {
-                                nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，{tbmid.CsName}.{trycol.CsName} 和 {trytb.CsName}.{trytb.Primarys[a].CsName} 类型不一致");
+                                nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, trycol.CsName, trytb.CsName, trytb.Primarys[a].CsName));
                                 trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                 //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                 break;
                             }
                             if (trycol == null)
                             {
-                                nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 在 {tbmid.CsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{midTypePropsTrytb.Name}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{midTypePropsTrytb.Name}_{findtrytbPkCsName}");
+                                nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTrytb.Name, findtrytbPkCsName));
                                 trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                 //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                 break;
@@ -906,14 +906,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                                 }
                                 if (trycol != null && trycol.CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != tbref.Primarys[a].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis())
                                 {
-                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，{tbmid.CsName}.{trycol.CsName} 和 {tbref.CsName}.{tbref.Primarys[a].CsName} 类型不一致");
+                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, trycol.CsName, trytb.CsName, trytb.Primarys[a].CsName));
                                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                     break;
                                 }
                                 if (trycol == null)
                                 {
-                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 在 {tbmid.CsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{midTypePropsTbref.Name}{findtbrefPkCsName}、{midTypePropsTbref.Name}_{findtbrefPkCsName}");
+                                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbmid.CsName, midTypePropsTrytb.Name, findtbrefPkCsName));
                                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                     break;
@@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         {
                             if (tbref.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(bi, out var trybindcol) == false)
                             {
-                                nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 特性 [Navigate] 解析错误，在 {tbrefTypeName} 未找到属性：{bi}");
+                                nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbrefTypeName, bi));
                                 trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                                 //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                                 break;
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
 
                     if (nvref.Exception == null && bindColumns.Any() && bindColumns.Count != trytb.Primarys.Length)
                     {
-                        nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 特性 [Navigate] Bind 数目({bindColumns.Count}) 与 内部主键数目({trytb.Primarys.Length}) 不相同");
+                        nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_Bind_Number_Different(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, bindColumns.Count, trytb.Primarys.Length));
                         trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                         //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                     }
@@ -1043,14 +1043,15 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         }
                         if (trycol != null && trycol.CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != trytb.Primarys[a].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis())
                         {
-                            nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，{trytb.CsName}.{trytb.Primarys[a].CsName} 和 {tbref.CsName}.{trycol.CsName} 类型不一致");
+                            nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, trytb.CsName, trytb.Primarys[a].CsName, tbref.CsName, trycol.CsName));
                             trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                             //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                             break;
                         }
                         if (trycol == null)
                         {
-                            nvref.Exception = new Exception($"【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 在 {tbref.CsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{findtrytb}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{findtrytb}_{findtrytbPkCsName}" + (refprop == null ? "" : $"、{refprop.Name}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{refprop.Name}_{findtrytbPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。"));
+                            nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, tbref.CsName, findtrytb, findtrytbPkCsName)
+                                + (refprop == null ? "" : CoreStrings.OneToMany_UseNavigate(refprop.Name, findtrytbPkCsName)));
                             trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                             //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                             break;
@@ -1127,7 +1128,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                 if (tbref == null) return;
                 if (tbref.Primarys.Any() == false)
                 {
-                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，实体类型 {propTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]");
+                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, propTypeName));
                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                 }
@@ -1144,7 +1145,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     {
                         if (trytb.ColumnsByCs.TryGetValue(bi, out var trybindcol) == false)
                         {
-                            nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 特性 [Navigate] 解析错误，在 {trytbTypeName} 未找到属性：{bi}");
+                            nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, trytbTypeName, bi));
                             trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                             //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                             break;
@@ -1156,7 +1157,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
 
                 if (nvref.Exception == null && bindColumns.Any() && bindColumns.Count != tbref.Primarys.Length)
                 {
-                    nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 特性 [Navigate] Bind 数目({bindColumns.Count}) 与 外部主键数目({tbref.Primarys.Length}) 不相同");
+                    nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_Bind_Number_Different(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, bindColumns.Count, tbref.Primarys.Length));
                     trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                     //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                 }
@@ -1211,14 +1212,14 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                     }
                     if (trycol != null && trycol.CsType.NullableTypeOrThis() != tbref.Primarys[a].CsType.NullableTypeOrThis())
                     {
-                        nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 解析错误，{trytb.CsName}.{trycol.CsName} 和 {tbref.CsName}.{tbref.Primarys[a].CsName} 类型不一致");
+                        nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, trytb.CsName, trycol.CsName, tbref.CsName, tbref.Primarys[a].CsName));
                         trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                         //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                         break;
                     }
                     if (trycol == null)
                     {
-                        nvref.Exception = new Exception($"导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnv.Name} 没有找到对应的字段，如：{pnv.Name}{findtbrefPkCsName}、{pnv.Name}_{findtbrefPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。");
+                        nvref.Exception = new Exception(CoreStrings.Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField(trytbTypeName, pnv.Name, findtbrefPkCsName));
                         trytb.AddOrUpdateTableRef(pnv.Name, nvref);
                         //if (isLazy) throw nvref.Exception;
                         break;
@@ -1793,7 +1794,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                 var parmValue = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "value");
                 Expression exp = Expression.Convert(parmInfo, typeObj);
                 foreach (var pro in memberAccessPath.Split('.'))
-                    exp = Expression.PropertyOrField(exp, pro) ?? throw new Exception(string.Concat(exp.Type.FullName, " 没有定义属性 ", pro));
+                    exp = Expression.PropertyOrField(exp, pro) ?? throw new Exception(string.Concat(exp.Type.FullName, CoreStrings.NoProperty_Defined, pro));
 
                 var value2 = Expression.Call(MethodGetDataReaderValue, Expression.Constant(exp.Type), parmValue);
                 var value3 = Expression.Convert(parmValue, typeValue);
@@ -2261,7 +2262,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
             }
             catch (Exception ex)
             {
-                throw new ArgumentException($"ExpressionTree 转换类型错误，值({string.Concat(value)})，类型({value.GetType().FullName})，目标类型({type.FullName})，{ex.Message}");
+                throw new ArgumentException(CoreStrings.ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error(string.Concat(value), value.GetType().FullName, type.FullName, ex.Message));
             }
         }
         public static string GetCsName(string name)
@@ -2359,7 +2360,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Internal
                         var ltidx = ltidxStack.Pop();
                         var ltidx2 = ltidx;
                         var sidx2 = sidx;
-                        while(sidx < locsql.Length)
+                        while (sidx < locsql.Length)
                         {
                             var chr2 = locsql[sidx];
                             if (chr2 == ')')
diff --git a/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.cs b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5d53c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,995 @@
+
+// <auto-generated />
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Resources;
+using System.Globalization;
+using System.Threading;
+
+namespace FreeSql
+{
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    String resources used in FreeSql exceptions, etc.
+    ///     </para>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    These strings are exposed publicly for use by database providers and extensions.
+    ///         It is unusual for application code to need these strings.
+    ///     </para>
+    /// </summary>
+    public static class CoreStrings
+    {
+        private static readonly ResourceManager _resourceManager = new ResourceManager("FreeSql.Properties.CoreStrings", typeof(CoreStrings).Assembly);
+		
+        private static CultureInfo _resourceCulture;
+		
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   重写当前线程的 CurrentUICulture 属性，对
+        ///   使用此强类型资源类的所有资源查找执行重写。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static CultureInfo Culture
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                _resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// [Table(AsTable = "{asTable}")] 特性值格式错误
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError(object asTable)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError", nameof(asTable)),
+                asTable);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// [Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不是 DateTime 类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime(object atmGroupsValue)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime", nameof(atmGroupsValue)),
+                atmGroupsValue);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {name}: Failed to get resource {statistics}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Available_Failed_Get_Resource(object name, object statistics)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Available_Failed_Get_Resource", nameof(name), nameof(statistics)),
+                name, statistics);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {name}: An exception needs to be thrown
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Available_Thrown_Exception(object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Available_Thrown_Exception", nameof(name)),
+                name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 错误的表达式格式 {column}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Bad_Expression_Format(object column)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Bad_Expression_Format", nameof(column)),
+                column);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Chunk 功能之前不可使用 Select
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select
+            => GetString("Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 安全起见，请务必在事务开启之后，再使用 ForUpdate
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate
+            => GetString("Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不能为 null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Cannot_Be_NULL
+            => GetString("Cannot_Be_NULL");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {name} 不能为 null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Cannot_Be_NULL_Name(object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Cannot_Be_NULL_Name", nameof(name)),
+                name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 无法匹配 {property}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Cannot_Match_Property(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Cannot_Match_Property", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 无法解析为表达式树
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数 masterConnectionString 不可为空，请检查 UseConnectionString
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Check_UseConnectionString
+            => GetString("Check_UseConnectionString");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 提交
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Commit
+            => GetString("Commit");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 连接失败，准备切换其他可用服务器
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers
+            => GetString("Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 自定义表达式解析错误：类型 {exp3MethodDeclaringType} 需要定义 static ThreadLocal&lt;ExpressionCallContext&gt; 字段、字段、字段（重要三次提醒）
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Custom_Expression_ParsingError(object exp3MethodDeclaringType)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Custom_Expression_ParsingError", nameof(exp3MethodDeclaringType)),
+                exp3MethodDeclaringType);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom { 反射信息 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull
+            => GetString("Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom { 静态方法名 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull
+            => GetString("Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom 对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray} 未设置 [DynamicFilterCustomAttribute] 特性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom(object fiValueCustomArray)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom", nameof(fiValueCustomArray)),
+                fiValueCustomArray);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom 要求 Field 应该空格分割，并且长度为 2，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces
+            => GetString("CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 操作的数据类型({dataDisplayCsharp}) 与 AsType({tableTypeDisplayCsharp}) 不一致，请检查。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string DataType_AsType_Inconsistent(object dataDisplayCsharp, object tableTypeDisplayCsharp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("DataType_AsType_Inconsistent", nameof(dataDisplayCsharp), nameof(tableTypeDisplayCsharp)),
+                dataDisplayCsharp, tableTypeDisplayCsharp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DateRange 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char
+            => GetString("DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// DateRange 要求 Value[1] 格式必须为：yyyy、yyyy-MM、yyyy-MM-dd、yyyy-MM-dd HH、yyyy、yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy
+            => GetString("DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 记录可能不存在，或者【行级乐观锁】版本过旧，更新数量{sourceCount}，影响的行数{affrows}。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock(object sourceCount, object affrows)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock", nameof(sourceCount), nameof(affrows)),
+                sourceCount, affrows);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// SlaveConnectionString 数量与 SlaveWeights 不相同
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights
+            => GetString("Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ColumnAttribute.Name {colattrName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Duplicate_ColumnAttribute(object colattrName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Duplicate_ColumnAttribute", nameof(colattrName)),
+                colattrName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 属性名 {pName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Duplicate_PropertyName(object pName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Duplicate_PropertyName", nameof(pName)),
+                pName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {function} 功能要求实体类 {tableCsName} 必须有主键
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Entity_Must_Primary_Key(object function, object tableCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Entity_Must_Primary_Key", nameof(function), nameof(tableCsName)),
+                function, tableCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tbTypeFullName} 是父子关系，但是 MySql 8.0 以下版本中不支持组合多主键
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys(object tbTypeFullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys", nameof(tbTypeFullName)),
+                tbTypeFullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tbTypeFullName} 不是父子关系，无法使用该功能
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship(object tbTypeFullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship", nameof(tbTypeFullName)),
+                tbTypeFullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 这个特别的子查询不能解析
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing
+            => GetString("EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 表达式错误，它的顶级对象不是 ParameterExpression：{exp}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression(object exp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression", nameof(exp)),
+                exp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 表达式错误，它不是连续的 MemberAccess 类型：{exp}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type(object exp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type", nameof(exp)),
+                exp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ExpressionTree 转换类型错误，值({value})，类型({valueTypeFullName})，目标类型({typeFullName})，{exMessage}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error(object value, object valueTypeFullName, object typeFullName, object exMessage)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error", nameof(value), nameof(valueTypeFullName), nameof(typeFullName), nameof(exMessage)),
+                value, valueTypeFullName, typeFullName, exMessage);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Failed_SubTable_FieldValue(object sqlWhere)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Failed_SubTable_FieldValue", nameof(sqlWhere)),
+                sqlWhere);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// AsTable 未实现的功能 {asTable}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented(object asTable)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented", nameof(asTable)),
+                asTable);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GBase 暂时不支持逗号以外的分割符
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas
+            => GetString("GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// tableName：{tableName} 生成了相同的分表名
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Generated_Same_SubTable(object tableName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Generated_Same_SubTable", nameof(tableName)),
+                tableName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// GetPrimarys 传递的参数 "{primary}" 不正确，它不属于字典数据的键名
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey (object primary)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey ", nameof(primary)),
+                primary);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 已经指定了 {first}，不能再指定 {second}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second(object first, object second)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second", nameof(first), nameof(second)),
+                first, second);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 被忽略，请检查 IsIgnore 设置，确认 get/set 为 public
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet(object tb2DbName, object mp2MemberName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet", nameof(tb2DbName), nameof(mp2MemberName)),
+                tb2DbName, mp2MemberName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Include 参数类型错误
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Include_ParameterType_Error
+            => GetString("Include_ParameterType_Error");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Include 参数类型错误，集合属性请使用 IncludeMany
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany
+            => GetString("Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Include 参数类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess
+            => GetString("Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// IncludeMany 类型 {tbTypeDisplayCsharp} 的属性 {collMemMemberName} 不是有效的导航属性，提示：IsIgnore = true 不会成为导航属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation(object tbTypeDisplayCsharp, object collMemMemberName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation", nameof(tbTypeDisplayCsharp), nameof(collMemMemberName)),
+                tbTypeDisplayCsharp, collMemMemberName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select 只可以使用一个参数的方法，正确格式：.Select(t =&gt;new TNavigate {{}})
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter(object navigateSelector)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter", nameof(navigateSelector)),
+                navigateSelector);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select lambda参数返回值必须和 {collMemElementType} 类型一致
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType(object navigateSelector, object collMemElementType)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType", nameof(navigateSelector), nameof(collMemElementType)),
+                navigateSelector, collMemElementType);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// IncludeMany 参数1 类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess
+            => GetString("IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数类型错误，正确格式： a.collections.Take(1).Where(c =&gt;c.aid == a.id).Select(a=&gt; new TNavigate{{}})
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError(object navigateSelector)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError", nameof(navigateSelector)),
+                navigateSelector);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ISelect.InsertInto() 未选择属性: {displayCsharp}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string InsertInto_No_Property_Selected(object displayCsharp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("InsertInto_No_Property_Selected", nameof(displayCsharp)),
+                displayCsharp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ISelect.InsertInto() 类型错误: {displayCsharp}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string InsertInto_TypeError(object displayCsharp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("InsertInto_TypeError", nameof(displayCsharp)),
+                displayCsharp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {CsName} 必须有主键
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(object CsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key", nameof(CsName)),
+                CsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// InsertOrUpdate&lt;&gt;的泛型参数 不支持 {typeofT1},请传递您的实体类
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity(object typeofT1)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity", nameof(typeofT1)),
+                typeofT1);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【延时加载】功能需要安装 FreeSql.Extensions.LazyLoading.dll，可前往 nuget 下载
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading
+            => GetString("Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【延时加载】{trytbTypeName} 编译错误：{exMessage}\r\n\r\n{cscode}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string LazyLoading_CompilationError(object trytbTypeName, object exMessage, object cscode)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("LazyLoading_CompilationError", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(exMessage), nameof(cscode)),
+                trytbTypeName, exMessage, cscode);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【延时加载】实体类型 {trytbTypeName} 必须声明为 public
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic(object trytbTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic", nameof(trytbTypeName)),
+                trytbTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// ManyToMany 导航属性 .AsSelect() 暂时不可用于 Sum/Avg/Max/Min/First/ToOne/ToList 方法
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc
+            => GetString("ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbmidCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{midTypePropsTrytbName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{midTypePropsTrytbName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbmidCsName, object midTypePropsTrytbName, object findtrytbPkCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbmidCsName), nameof(midTypePropsTrytbName), nameof(findtrytbPkCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbmidCsName, midTypePropsTrytbName, findtrytbPkCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbrefTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbrefTypeName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbrefTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 必须存在对应的 [Navigate(ManyToMany = x)] 集合属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbrefTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbrefTypeName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbrefTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{tbmidCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbmidCsName, object trycolCsName, object trytbCsName, object trytbPrimarysCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbmidCsName), nameof(trycolCsName), nameof(trytbCsName), nameof(trytbPrimarysCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbmidCsName, trycolCsName, trytbCsName, trytbPrimarysCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 错误：{exMessage}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbmidCsName, object midTypePropsTrytbName, object exMessage)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbmidCsName), nameof(midTypePropsTrytbName), nameof(exMessage)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbmidCsName, midTypePropsTrytbName, exMessage);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 导航属性不是【ManyToOne】或【OneToOne】
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbmidCsName, object midTypePropsTrytbName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbmidCsName), nameof(midTypePropsTrytbName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbmidCsName, midTypePropsTrytbName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 映射异常：{name} 没有一个属性名相同
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName(object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName", nameof(name)),
+                name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction
+            => GetString("MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.{Provider}.dll，可前往 nuget 下载
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package(object Provider)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package", nameof(Provider)),
+                Provider);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：{dll}，可前往 nuget 下载；如果存在 {dll} 依然报错（原因是环境问题导致反射不到类型），请在 UseConnectionString/UseConnectionFactory 第三个参数手工传入 typeof({providerType})
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason(object dll, object providerType)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason", nameof(dll), nameof(providerType)),
+                dll, providerType);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] Bind 数目({bindColumnsCount}) 与 外部主键数目({tbrefPrimarysLength}) 不相同
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_Bind_Number_Different(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object bindColumnsCount, object tbrefPrimarysLength)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_Bind_Number_Different", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(bindColumnsCount), nameof(tbrefPrimarysLength)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, bindColumnsCount, tbrefPrimarysLength);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 导航属性集合忘了 .AsSelect() 吗？如果在 ToList(a =&gt; a.{mp2MemberName}) 中使用，请移步参考 IncludeMany 文档。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_Missing_AsSelect(object tb2DbName, object mp2MemberName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_Missing_AsSelect", nameof(tb2DbName), nameof(mp2MemberName)),
+                tb2DbName, mp2MemberName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【导航属性】{trytbTypeDisplayCsharp}.{pName} 缺少 set 属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_Missing_SetProperty(object trytbTypeDisplayCsharp, object pName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_Missing_SetProperty", nameof(trytbTypeDisplayCsharp), nameof(pName)),
+                trytbTypeDisplayCsharp, pName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 没有找到对应的字段，如：{pnvName}{findtbrefPkCsName}、{pnvName}_{findtbrefPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object findtbrefPkCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(findtbrefPkCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, findtbrefPkCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {trytcTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object trytcTypeName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(trytcTypeName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, trytcTypeName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{tbrefPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object trytbCsName, object trycolCsName, object tbrefCsName, object tbrefPrimarysCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(trytbCsName), nameof(trycolCsName), nameof(tbrefCsName), nameof(tbrefPrimarysCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, trytbCsName, trycolCsName, tbrefCsName, tbrefPrimarysCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] 解析错误，在 {tbrefTypeName} 未找到属性：{bi}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbrefTypeName, object bi)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbrefTypeName), nameof(bi)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbrefTypeName, bi);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {tableTypeDisplayCsharp} 没有定义主键，无法使用 SetSource，请尝试 SetDto 或者 SetSource 指定临时主键
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto(object tableTypeDisplayCsharp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto", nameof(tableTypeDisplayCsharp)),
+                tableTypeDisplayCsharp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        ///  没有定义属性 
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NoProperty_Defined
+            => GetString("NoProperty_Defined");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented
+            => GetString("Not_Implemented");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented_Expression(object exp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Implemented_Expression", nameof(exp)),
+                exp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {expArguments} 必须为常量
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(object exp, object expArguments)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant", nameof(exp), nameof(expArguments)),
+                exp, expArguments);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，如果正在操作导航属性集合，请使用 .AsSelect().{exp3MethodName}({exp3ArgumentsCount})
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect(object exp, object exp3MethodName, object exp3ArgumentsCount)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect", nameof(exp), nameof(exp3MethodName), nameof(exp3ArgumentsCount)),
+                exp, exp3MethodName, exp3ArgumentsCount);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现 MemberAccess 下的 Constant
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant
+            => GetString("Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未实现 {name}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Implemented_Name(object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Implemented_Name", nameof(name)),
+                name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 不支持
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Support
+            => GetString("Not_Support");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {dataType} 不支持 OrderByRandom 随机排序
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Support_OrderByRandom(object dataType)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Support_OrderByRandom", nameof(dataType)),
+                dataType);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 不是有效的导航属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Not_Valid_Navigation_Property(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Not_Valid_Navigation_Property", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {dbName} 找不到列 {memberName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Column(object dbName, object memberName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Column", nameof(dbName), nameof(memberName)),
+                dbName, memberName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 找不到 {CsName} 对应的列
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_CsName_Column(object CsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_CsName_Column", nameof(CsName)),
+                CsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 找不到属性：{memberName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Property(object memberName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Property", nameof(memberName)),
+                memberName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 找不到属性名 {proto}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_PropertyName(object proto)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_PropertyName", nameof(proto)),
+                proto);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom 找不到对应的{{ 反射信息 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Reflection(object fiValueCustomArray)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Reflection", nameof(fiValueCustomArray)),
+                fiValueCustomArray);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Custom 找不到对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Static_MethodName(object fiValueCustomArray)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Static_MethodName", nameof(fiValueCustomArray)),
+                fiValueCustomArray);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// [Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不存在
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable(object atmGroupsValue)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable", nameof(atmGroupsValue)),
+                atmGroupsValue);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 未指定 UseConnectionString 或者 UseConnectionFactory
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory
+            => GetString("NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【{policyName}】ObjectPool.{GetName}() timeout {totalSeconds} seconds, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1081
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ObjectPool_Get_Timeout(object policyName, object GetName, object totalSeconds)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ObjectPool_Get_Timeout", nameof(policyName), nameof(GetName), nameof(totalSeconds)),
+                policyName, GetName, totalSeconds);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【{policyName}】ObjectPool.GetAsync() The queue is too long. Policy.AsyncGetCapacity = {asyncGetCapacity}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long(object policyName, object asyncGetCapacity)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long", nameof(policyName), nameof(asyncGetCapacity)),
+                policyName, asyncGetCapacity);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbrefCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{findtrytb}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{findtrytb}_{findtrytbPkCsName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object tbrefCsName, object findtrytb, object findtrytbPkCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(tbrefCsName), nameof(findtrytb), nameof(findtrytbPkCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, tbrefCsName, findtrytb, findtrytbPkCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{trycolCsName} 类型不一致
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType(object trytbTypeName, object pnvName, object trytbCsName, object trytbPrimarysCsName, object tbrefCsName, object trycolCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType", nameof(trytbTypeName), nameof(pnvName), nameof(trytbCsName), nameof(trytbPrimarysCsName), nameof(tbrefCsName), nameof(trycolCsName)),
+                trytbTypeName, pnvName, trytbCsName, trytbPrimarysCsName, tbrefCsName, trycolCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 、{refpropName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{refpropName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string OneToMany_UseNavigate(object refpropName, object findtrytbPkCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("OneToMany_UseNavigate", nameof(refpropName), nameof(findtrytbPkCsName)),
+                refpropName, findtrytbPkCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 参数 field 未指定
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Parameter_Field_NotSpecified
+            => GetString("Parameter_Field_NotSpecified");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 参数错误，它不是集合属性，必须为 IList&lt;T&gt; 或者 ICollection&lt;T&gt;
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotValid_Collection(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotValid_Collection", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 参数错误，它不是有效的导航属性
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {where} 参数错误，{keyval} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {reftbTypeDisplayCsharp} 无法找到
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName(object where, object keyval, object reftbTypeDisplayCsharp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName", nameof(where), nameof(keyval), nameof(reftbTypeDisplayCsharp)),
+                where, keyval, reftbTypeDisplayCsharp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 参数错误，格式 "TopicId=Id，多组使用逗号连接" 
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 解析失败 {callExpMethodName} {message}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Parsing_Failed(object callExpMethodName, object message)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Parsing_Failed", nameof(callExpMethodName), nameof(message)),
+                callExpMethodName, message);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【{policyName}】The ObjectPool has been disposed, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1079
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose(object policyName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose", nameof(policyName)),
+                policyName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 【{policyName}】状态不可用，等待后台检查程序恢复方可使用。{UnavailableExceptionMessage}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Policy_Status_NotAvailable(object policyName, object UnavailableExceptionMessage)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Policy_Status_NotAvailable", nameof(policyName), nameof(UnavailableExceptionMessage)),
+                policyName, UnavailableExceptionMessage);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 属性{trytbVersionColumnCsName} 被标注为行锁（乐观锁）(IsVersion)，但其必须为数字类型 或者 byte[]，并且不可为 Nullable
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte(object trytbVersionColumnCsName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte", nameof(trytbVersionColumnCsName)),
+                trytbVersionColumnCsName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// properties 参数不能为空
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Properties_Cannot_Null
+            => GetString("Properties_Cannot_Null");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {property} 属性名无法找到
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Property_Cannot_Find(object property)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Property_Cannot_Find", nameof(property)),
+                property);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// Range 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char
+            => GetString("Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 回滚
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string RollBack
+            => GetString("RollBack");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 运行时错误，反射获取 IncludeMany 方法失败
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany
+            => GetString("RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {qoteSql} is NULL，除非设置特性 [Column(IsNullable = false)]
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Set_Column_IsNullable_False(object qoteSql)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Set_Column_IsNullable_False", nameof(qoteSql)),
+                qoteSql);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 分表字段值 "{dt}" 不能小于 "{beginTime} "
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen(object dt, object beginTime)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen", nameof(dt), nameof(beginTime)),
+                dt, beginTime);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 分表字段值不能为 null
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull
+            => GetString("SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 分表字段值 "{columnValue}" 不能转化成 DateTime
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime(object columnValue)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime", nameof(columnValue)),
+                columnValue);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 分表字段值 "{dt}" 未匹配到分表名
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable(object dt)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable", nameof(dt)),
+                dt);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// T2 类型错误
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string T2_Type_Error
+            => GetString("T2_Type_Error");
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// tableName 格式错误，示例：“log_{yyyyMMdd}”
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string TableName_Format_Error(object yyyyMMdd)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("TableName_Format_Error", nameof(yyyyMMdd)),
+                yyyyMMdd);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {Type}.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Type_AsType_Parameter_Error(object Type)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Type_AsType_Parameter_Error", nameof(Type)),
+                Type);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {thatFullName} 类型无法访问构造函数
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor(object thatFullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor", nameof(thatFullName)),
+                thatFullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {name} 类型错误
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Type_Error_Name(object name)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Type_Error_Name", nameof(name)),
+                name);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// {Type}.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object(object Type)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object", nameof(Type)),
+                Type);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 类型 {typeofFullName} 错误，不能使用 IncludeMany
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany(object typeofFullName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany", nameof(typeofFullName)),
+                typeofFullName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 无法解析表达式：{exp}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Unable_Parse_Expression(object exp)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Unable_Parse_Expression", nameof(exp)),
+                exp);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 无法解析表达式方法 {exp3tmpCallMethodName}
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod(object exp3tmpCallMethodName)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod", nameof(exp3tmpCallMethodName)),
+                exp3tmpCallMethodName);
+
+        /// <summary>
+        /// 请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据
+        /// </summary>
+        public static string Use_InsertDict_Method
+            => GetString("Use_InsertDict_Method");
+
+        private static string GetString(string name, params string[] formatterNames)
+        {
+            var value = _resourceManager.GetString(name,_resourceCulture);
+            for (var i = 0; i < formatterNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                value = value.Replace("{" + formatterNames[i] + "}", "{" + i + "}");
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.tt b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.tt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b17aead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.Designer.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+<#
+    Session["ResourceFile"] = "CoreStrings.resx";
+    Session["AccessModifier"] = "public";
+#>
+<#@ include file="Resources.tt" #>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.resx b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7036cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = "{asTable}")] 特性值格式错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不是 DateTime 类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Available_Failed_Get_Resource" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name}: Failed to get resource {statistics}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Available_Thrown_Exception" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name}: An exception needs to be thrown</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Bad_Expression_Format" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>错误的表达式格式 {column}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Chunk 功能之前不可使用 Select</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>安全起见，请务必在事务开启之后，再使用 ForUpdate</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Be_NULL" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Be_NULL_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Match_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法匹配 {property}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 无法解析为表达式树</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Check_UseConnectionString" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 masterConnectionString 不可为空，请检查 UseConnectionString</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Commit" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>提交</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>连接失败，准备切换其他可用服务器</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_Expression_ParsingError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>自定义表达式解析错误：类型 {exp3MethodDeclaringType} 需要定义 static ThreadLocal&lt;ExpressionCallContext&gt; 字段、字段、字段（重要三次提醒）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom { 反射信息 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom { 静态方法名 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray} 未设置 [DynamicFilterCustomAttribute] 特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 要求 Field 应该空格分割，并且长度为 2，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DataType_AsType_Inconsistent" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>操作的数据类型({dataDisplayCsharp}) 与 AsType({tableTypeDisplayCsharp}) 不一致，请检查。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DateRange 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DateRange 要求 Value[1] 格式必须为：yyyy、yyyy-MM、yyyy-MM-dd、yyyy-MM-dd HH、yyyy、yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>记录可能不存在，或者【行级乐观锁】版本过旧，更新数量{sourceCount}，影响的行数{affrows}。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>SlaveConnectionString 数量与 SlaveWeights 不相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Duplicate_ColumnAttribute" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ColumnAttribute.Name {colattrName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Duplicate_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>属性名 {pName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_Must_Primary_Key" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{function} 功能要求实体类 {tableCsName} 必须有主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tbTypeFullName} 是父子关系，但是 MySql 8.0 以下版本中不支持组合多主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tbTypeFullName} 不是父子关系，无法使用该功能</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>这个特别的子查询不能解析</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>表达式错误，它的顶级对象不是 ParameterExpression：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>表达式错误，它不是连续的 MemberAccess 类型：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ExpressionTree 转换类型错误，值({value})，类型({valueTypeFullName})，目标类型({typeFullName})，{exMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Failed_SubTable_FieldValue" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>AsTable 未实现的功能 {asTable}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>GBase 暂时不支持逗号以外的分割符</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Generated_Same_SubTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>tableName：{tableName} 生成了相同的分表名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey " xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>GetPrimarys 传递的参数 "{primary}" 不正确，它不属于字典数据的键名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>已经指定了 {first}，不能再指定 {second}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 被忽略，请检查 IsIgnore 设置，确认 get/set 为 public</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误，集合属性请使用 IncludeMany</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany 类型 {tbTypeDisplayCsharp} 的属性 {collMemMemberName} 不是有效的导航属性，提示：IsIgnore = true 不会成为导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select 只可以使用一个参数的方法，正确格式：.Select(t =&gt;new TNavigate {{}})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select lambda参数返回值必须和 {collMemElementType} 类型一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany 参数1 类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数类型错误，正确格式： a.collections.Take(1).Where(c =&gt;c.aid == a.id).Select(a=&gt; new TNavigate{{}})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertInto_No_Property_Selected" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.InsertInto() 未选择属性: {displayCsharp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertInto_TypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.InsertInto() 类型错误: {displayCsharp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {CsName} 必须有主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>InsertOrUpdate&lt;&gt;的泛型参数 不支持 {typeofT1},请传递您的实体类</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】功能需要安装 FreeSql.Extensions.LazyLoading.dll，可前往 nuget 下载</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LazyLoading_CompilationError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】{trytbTypeName} 编译错误：{exMessage}\r\n\r\n{cscode}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】实体类型 {trytbTypeName} 必须声明为 public</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ManyToMany 导航属性 .AsSelect() 暂时不可用于 Sum/Avg/Max/Min/First/ToOne/ToList 方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbmidCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{midTypePropsTrytbName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{midTypePropsTrytbName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 必须存在对应的 [Navigate(ManyToMany = x)] 集合属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{tbmidCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 错误：{exMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 导航属性不是【ManyToOne】或【OneToOne】</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>映射异常：{name} 没有一个属性名相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.{Provider}.dll，可前往 nuget 下载</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：{dll}，可前往 nuget 下载；如果存在 {dll} 依然报错（原因是环境问题导致反射不到类型），请在 UseConnectionString/UseConnectionFactory 第三个参数手工传入 typeof({providerType})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Bind_Number_Different" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] Bind 数目({bindColumnsCount}) 与 外部主键数目({tbrefPrimarysLength}) 不相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Missing_AsSelect" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 导航属性集合忘了 .AsSelect() 吗？如果在 ToList(a =&gt; a.{mp2MemberName}) 中使用，请移步参考 IncludeMany 文档。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Missing_SetProperty" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【导航属性】{trytbTypeDisplayCsharp}.{pName} 缺少 set 属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 没有找到对应的字段，如：{pnvName}{findtbrefPkCsName}、{pnvName}_{findtbrefPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {trytcTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{tbrefPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] 解析错误，在 {tbrefTypeName} 未找到属性：{bi}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeDisplayCsharp} 没有定义主键，无法使用 SetSource，请尝试 SetDto 或者 SetSource 指定临时主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NoProperty_Defined" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value> 没有定义属性 </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {expArguments} 必须为常量</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，如果正在操作导航属性集合，请使用 .AsSelect().{exp3MethodName}({exp3ArgumentsCount})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现 MemberAccess 下的 Constant</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现 {name}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Support" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不支持</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Support_OrderByRandom" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{dataType} 不支持 OrderByRandom 随机排序</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Valid_Navigation_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 不是有效的导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Column" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{dbName} 找不到列 {memberName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_CsName_Column" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到 {CsName} 对应的列</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到属性：{memberName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到属性名 {proto}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Reflection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 找不到对应的{{ 反射信息 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Static_MethodName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 找不到对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未指定 UseConnectionString 或者 UseConnectionFactory</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ObjectPool_Get_Timeout" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】ObjectPool.{GetName}() timeout {totalSeconds} seconds, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1081</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】ObjectPool.GetAsync() The queue is too long. Policy.AsyncGetCapacity = {asyncGetCapacity}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbrefCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{findtrytb}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{findtrytb}_{findtrytbPkCsName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{trycolCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_UseNavigate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>、{refpropName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{refpropName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Parameter_Field_NotSpecified" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 field 未指定</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_Collection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，它不是集合属性，必须为 IList&lt;T&gt; 或者 ICollection&lt;T&gt;</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，它不是有效的导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{where} 参数错误，{keyval} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {reftbTypeDisplayCsharp} 无法找到</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，格式 "TopicId=Id，多组使用逗号连接" </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Parsing_Failed" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>解析失败 {callExpMethodName} {message}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】The ObjectPool has been disposed, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1079</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Policy_Status_NotAvailable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】状态不可用，等待后台检查程序恢复方可使用。{UnavailableExceptionMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>属性{trytbVersionColumnCsName} 被标注为行锁（乐观锁）(IsVersion)，但其必须为数字类型 或者 byte[]，并且不可为 Nullable</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Properties_Cannot_Null" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>properties 参数不能为空</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Property_Cannot_Find" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 属性名无法找到</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Range 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="RollBack" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>回滚</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>运行时错误，反射获取 IncludeMany 方法失败</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Set_Column_IsNullable_False" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{qoteSql} is NULL，除非设置特性 [Column(IsNullable = false)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{dt}" 不能小于 "{beginTime} "</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{columnValue}" 不能转化成 DateTime</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{dt}" 未匹配到分表名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="T2_Type_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>T2 类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TableName_Format_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>tableName 格式错误，示例：“log_{yyyyMMdd}”</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_AsType_Parameter_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{Type}.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{thatFullName} 类型无法访问构造函数</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_Error_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name} 类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{Type}.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>类型 {typeofFullName} 错误，不能使用 IncludeMany</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Unable_Parse_Expression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法解析表达式：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法解析表达式方法 {exp3tmpCallMethodName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Use_InsertDict_Method" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.zh-Hans.resx b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.zh-Hans.resx
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d7036cb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql/Properties/CoreStrings.zh-Hans.resx
@@ -0,0 +1,498 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<root>
+  <!-- 
+    Microsoft ResX Schema 
+    
+    Version 2.0
+    
+    The primary goals of this format is to allow a simple XML format 
+    that is mostly human readable. The generation and parsing of the 
+    various data types are done through the TypeConverter classes 
+    associated with the data types.
+    
+    Example:
+    
+    ... ado.net/XML headers & schema ...
+    <resheader name="resmimetype">text/microsoft-resx</resheader>
+    <resheader name="version">2.0</resheader>
+    <resheader name="reader">System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <resheader name="writer">System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, ...</resheader>
+    <data name="Name1"><value>this is my long string</value><comment>this is a comment</comment></data>
+    <data name="Color1" type="System.Drawing.Color, System.Drawing">Blue</data>
+    <data name="Bitmap1" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded serialized .NET Framework object]</value>
+    </data>
+    <data name="Icon1" type="System.Drawing.Icon, System.Drawing" mimetype="application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64">
+        <value>[base64 mime encoded string representing a byte array form of the .NET Framework object]</value>
+        <comment>This is a comment</comment>
+    </data>
+                
+    There are any number of "resheader" rows that contain simple 
+    name/value pairs.
+    
+    Each data row contains a name, and value. The row also contains a 
+    type or mimetype. Type corresponds to a .NET class that support 
+    text/value conversion through the TypeConverter architecture. 
+    Classes that don't support this are serialized and stored with the 
+    mimetype set.
+    
+    The mimetype is used for serialized objects, and tells the 
+    ResXResourceReader how to depersist the object. This is currently not 
+    extensible. For a given mimetype the value must be set accordingly:
+    
+    Note - application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64 is the format 
+    that the ResXResourceWriter will generate, however the reader can 
+    read any of the formats listed below.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.binary.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.soap.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized with 
+            : System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap.SoapFormatter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+
+    mimetype: application/x-microsoft.net.object.bytearray.base64
+    value   : The object must be serialized into a byte array 
+            : using a System.ComponentModel.TypeConverter
+            : and then encoded with base64 encoding.
+    -->
+  <xsd:schema id="root" xmlns="" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
+    <xsd:import namespace="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" />
+    <xsd:element name="root" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
+      <xsd:complexType>
+        <xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
+          <xsd:element name="metadata">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" use="required" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="assembly">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:attribute name="alias" type="xsd:string" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="data">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+                <xsd:element name="comment" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="2" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="type" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="3" />
+              <xsd:attribute name="mimetype" type="xsd:string" msdata:Ordinal="4" />
+              <xsd:attribute ref="xml:space" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+          <xsd:element name="resheader">
+            <xsd:complexType>
+              <xsd:sequence>
+                <xsd:element name="value" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" msdata:Ordinal="1" />
+              </xsd:sequence>
+              <xsd:attribute name="name" type="xsd:string" use="required" />
+            </xsd:complexType>
+          </xsd:element>
+        </xsd:choice>
+      </xsd:complexType>
+    </xsd:element>
+  </xsd:schema>
+  <resheader name="resmimetype">
+    <value>text/microsoft-resx</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="version">
+    <value>2.0</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="reader">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceReader, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <resheader name="writer">
+    <value>System.Resources.ResXResourceWriter, System.Windows.Forms, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089</value>
+  </resheader>
+  <data name="AsTable_PropertyName_FormatError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = "{asTable}")] 特性值格式错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="AsTable_PropertyName_NotDateTime" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不是 DateTime 类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Available_Failed_Get_Resource" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name}: Failed to get resource {statistics}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Available_Thrown_Exception" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name}: An exception needs to be thrown</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Bad_Expression_Format" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>错误的表达式格式 {column}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Before_Chunk_Cannot_Use_Select" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Chunk 功能之前不可使用 Select</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Begin_Transaction_Then_ForUpdate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>安全起见，请务必在事务开启之后，再使用 ForUpdate</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Be_NULL" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Be_NULL_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name} 不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Match_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法匹配 {property}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Cannot_Resolve_ExpressionTree" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 无法解析为表达式树</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Check_UseConnectionString" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 masterConnectionString 不可为空，请检查 UseConnectionString</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Commit" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>提交</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Connection_Failed_Switch_Servers" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>连接失败，准备切换其他可用服务器</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_Expression_ParsingError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>自定义表达式解析错误：类型 {exp3MethodDeclaringType} 需要定义 static ThreadLocal&lt;ExpressionCallContext&gt; 字段、字段、字段（重要三次提醒）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_Reflection_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom { 反射信息 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_StaticMethodName_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom { 静态方法名 }不能为空，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Custom_StaticMethodName_NotSet_DynamicFilterCustom" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray} 未设置 [DynamicFilterCustomAttribute] 特性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CustomFieldSeparatedBySpaces" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 要求 Field 应该空格分割，并且长度为 2，格式：{ 静态方法名 }{ 空格 }{ 反射信息 }</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DataType_AsType_Inconsistent" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>操作的数据类型({dataDisplayCsharp}) 与 AsType({tableTypeDisplayCsharp}) 不一致，请检查。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DateRange_Comma_Separateda_By2Char" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DateRange 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DateRange_DateFormat_yyyy" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>DateRange 要求 Value[1] 格式必须为：yyyy、yyyy-MM、yyyy-MM-dd、yyyy-MM-dd HH、yyyy、yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="DbUpdateVersionException_RowLevelOptimisticLock" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>记录可能不存在，或者【行级乐观锁】版本过旧，更新数量{sourceCount}，影响的行数{affrows}。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Different_Number_SlaveConnectionString_SlaveWeights" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>SlaveConnectionString 数量与 SlaveWeights 不相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Duplicate_ColumnAttribute" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ColumnAttribute.Name {colattrName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Duplicate_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>属性名 {pName} 重复存在，请检查（注意：不区分大小写）</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_Must_Primary_Key" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{function} 功能要求实体类 {tableCsName} 必须有主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_MySQL_VersionsBelow8_NotSupport_Multiple_PrimaryKeys" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tbTypeFullName} 是父子关系，但是 MySql 8.0 以下版本中不支持组合多主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Entity_NotParentChild_Relationship" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tbTypeFullName} 不是父子关系，无法使用该功能</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="EspeciallySubquery_Cannot_Parsing" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>这个特别的子查询不能解析</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Expression_Error_Use_ParameterExpression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>表达式错误，它的顶级对象不是 ParameterExpression：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Expression_Error_Use_Successive_MemberAccess_Type" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>表达式错误，它不是连续的 MemberAccess 类型：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ExpressionTree_Convert_Type_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ExpressionTree 转换类型错误，值({value})，类型({valueTypeFullName})，目标类型({typeFullName})，{exMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Failed_SubTable_FieldValue" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未能解析分表字段值 {sqlWhere}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Functions_AsTable_NotImplemented" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>AsTable 未实现的功能 {asTable}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="GBase_NotSupport_OtherThanCommas" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>GBase 暂时不支持逗号以外的分割符</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Generated_Same_SubTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>tableName：{tableName} 生成了相同的分表名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="GetPrimarys_ParameterError_IsNotDictKey " xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>GetPrimarys 传递的参数 "{primary}" 不正确，它不属于字典数据的键名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Has_Specified_Cannot_Specified_Second" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>已经指定了 {first}，不能再指定 {second}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Ignored_Check_Confirm_PublicGetSet" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 被忽略，请检查 IsIgnore 设置，确认 get/set 为 public</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误，集合属性请使用 IncludeMany</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Include_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Include 参数类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_NotValid_Navigation" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany 类型 {tbTypeDisplayCsharp} 的属性 {collMemMemberName} 不是有效的导航属性，提示：IsIgnore = true 不会成为导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterError_OnlyUseOneParameter" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select 只可以使用一个参数的方法，正确格式：.Select(t =&gt;new TNavigate {{}})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterError_Select_ReturnConsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数错误，Select lambda参数返回值必须和 {collMemElementType} 类型一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterType_Error_Use_MemberAccess" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany 参数1 类型错误，表达式类型应该为 MemberAccess</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="IncludeMany_ParameterTypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>IncludeMany {navigateSelector} 参数类型错误，正确格式： a.collections.Take(1).Where(c =&gt;c.aid == a.id).Select(a=&gt; new TNavigate{{}})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertInto_No_Property_Selected" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.InsertInto() 未选择属性: {displayCsharp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertInto_TypeError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ISelect.InsertInto() 类型错误: {displayCsharp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {CsName} 必须有主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="InsertOrUpdate_NotSuport_Generic_UseEntity" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>InsertOrUpdate&lt;&gt;的泛型参数 不支持 {typeofT1},请传递您的实体类</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Install_FreeSql_Extensions_LazyLoading" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】功能需要安装 FreeSql.Extensions.LazyLoading.dll，可前往 nuget 下载</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LazyLoading_CompilationError" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】{trytbTypeName} 编译错误：{exMessage}\r\n\r\n{cscode}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="LazyLoading_EntityMustDeclarePublic" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【延时加载】实体类型 {trytbTypeName} 必须声明为 public</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_AsSelect_NotSupport_Sum_Avg_etc" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>ManyToMany 导航属性 .AsSelect() 暂时不可用于 Sum/Avg/Max/Min/First/ToOne/ToList 方法</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbmidCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{midTypePropsTrytbName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{midTypePropsTrytbName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMissing_PrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_EntityMustHas_NavigateCollection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {tbrefTypeName} 必须存在对应的 [Navigate(ManyToMany = x)] 集合属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{tbmidCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_ErrorMessage" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 错误：{exMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ManyToMany_ParsingError_IntermediateClass_NotManyToOne_OneToOne" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【ManyToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，中间类 {tbmidCsName}.{midTypePropsTrytbName} 导航属性不是【ManyToOne】或【OneToOne】</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Mapping_Exception_HasNo_SamePropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>映射异常：{name} 没有一个属性名相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="MasterPool_IsNull_UseTransaction" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Ado.MasterPool 值为 null，该操作无法自启用事务，请显式传递【事务对象】解决</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：FreeSql.Provider.{Provider}.dll，可前往 nuget 下载</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Missing_FreeSqlProvider_Package_Reason" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>缺少 FreeSql 数据库实现包：{dll}，可前往 nuget 下载；如果存在 {dll} 依然报错（原因是环境问题导致反射不到类型），请在 UseConnectionString/UseConnectionFactory 第三个参数手工传入 typeof({providerType})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Bind_Number_Different" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] Bind 数目({bindColumnsCount}) 与 外部主键数目({tbrefPrimarysLength}) 不相同</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Missing_AsSelect" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tb2DbName}.{mp2MemberName} 导航属性集合忘了 .AsSelect() 吗？如果在 ToList(a =&gt; a.{mp2MemberName}) 中使用，请移步参考 IncludeMany 文档。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_Missing_SetProperty" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【导航属性】{trytbTypeDisplayCsharp}.{pName} 缺少 set 属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 没有找到对应的字段，如：{pnvName}{findtbrefPkCsName}、{pnvName}_{findtbrefPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_EntityMissingPrimaryKey" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，实体类型 {trytcTypeName} 缺少主键标识，[Column(IsPrimary = true)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trycolCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{tbrefPrimarysCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Navigation_ParsingError_NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 特性 [Navigate] 解析错误，在 {tbrefTypeName} 未找到属性：{bi}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NoPrimaryKey_UseSetDto" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{tableTypeDisplayCsharp} 没有定义主键，无法使用 SetSource，请尝试 SetDto 或者 SetSource 指定临时主键</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NoProperty_Defined" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value> 没有定义属性 </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {expArguments} 必须为常量</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Expression_UseAsSelect" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，如果正在操作导航属性集合，请使用 .AsSelect().{exp3MethodName}({exp3ArgumentsCount})</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_MemberAcess_Constant" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现 MemberAccess 下的 Constant</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Implemented_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未实现 {name}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Support" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>不支持</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Support_OrderByRandom" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{dataType} 不支持 OrderByRandom 随机排序</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Not_Valid_Navigation_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 不是有效的导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Column" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{dbName} 找不到列 {memberName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_CsName_Column" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到 {CsName} 对应的列</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Property" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到属性：{memberName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>找不到属性名 {proto}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Reflection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 找不到对应的{{ 反射信息 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Static_MethodName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Custom 找不到对应的{{ 静态方法名 }}：{fiValueCustomArray}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotFound_Table_Property_AsTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>[Table(AsTable = xx)] 设置的属性名 {atmGroupsValue} 不存在</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="NotSpecified_UseConnectionString_UseConnectionFactory" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>未指定 UseConnectionString 或者 UseConnectionFactory</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ObjectPool_Get_Timeout" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】ObjectPool.{GetName}() timeout {totalSeconds} seconds, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1081</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ObjectPool_GetAsync_Queue_Long" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】ObjectPool.GetAsync() The queue is too long. Policy.AsyncGetCapacity = {asyncGetCapacity}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_NotFound_CorrespondingField" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 在 {tbrefCsName} 中没有找到对应的字段，如：{findtrytb}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{findtrytb}_{findtrytbPkCsName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_ParsingError_InconsistentType" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【OneToMany】导航属性 {trytbTypeName}.{pnvName} 解析错误，{trytbCsName}.{trytbPrimarysCsName} 和 {tbrefCsName}.{trycolCsName} 类型不一致</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="OneToMany_UseNavigate" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>、{refpropName}{findtrytbPkCsName}、{refpropName}_{findtrytbPkCsName}。或者使用 [Navigate] 特性指定关系映射。</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Parameter_Field_NotSpecified" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>参数 field 未指定</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_Collection" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，它不是集合属性，必须为 IList&lt;T&gt; 或者 ICollection&lt;T&gt;</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_Navigation" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，它不是有效的导航属性</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_PropertyName" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{where} 参数错误，{keyval} 不是有效的属性名，在实体类 {reftbTypeDisplayCsharp} 无法找到</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="ParameterError_NotValid_UseCommas" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 参数错误，格式 "TopicId=Id，多组使用逗号连接" </value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Parsing_Failed" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>解析失败 {callExpMethodName} {message}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Policy_ObjectPool_Dispose" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】The ObjectPool has been disposed, see: https://github.com/dotnetcore/FreeSql/discussions/1079</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Policy_Status_NotAvailable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>【{policyName}】状态不可用，等待后台检查程序恢复方可使用。{UnavailableExceptionMessage}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Properties_AsRowLock_Must_Numeric_Byte" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>属性{trytbVersionColumnCsName} 被标注为行锁（乐观锁）(IsVersion)，但其必须为数字类型 或者 byte[]，并且不可为 Nullable</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Properties_Cannot_Null" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>properties 参数不能为空</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Property_Cannot_Find" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{property} 属性名无法找到</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Range_Comma_Separateda_By2Char" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Range 要求 Value 应该逗号分割，并且长度为 2</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="RollBack" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>回滚</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="RunTimeError_Reflection_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>运行时错误，反射获取 IncludeMany 方法失败</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Set_Column_IsNullable_False" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{qoteSql} is NULL，除非设置特性 [Column(IsNullable = false)]</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_CannotLessThen" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{dt}" 不能小于 "{beginTime} "</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_IsNotNull" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值不能为 null</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_NotConvertDateTime" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{columnValue}" 不能转化成 DateTime</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="SubTableFieldValue_NotMatchTable" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>分表字段值 "{dt}" 未匹配到分表名</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="T2_Type_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>T2 类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TableName_Format_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>tableName 格式错误，示例：“log_{yyyyMMdd}”</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_AsType_Parameter_Error" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{Type}.AsType 参数错误，请传入正确的实体类型</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_Cannot_Access_Constructor" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{thatFullName} 类型无法访问构造函数</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Type_Error_Name" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{name} 类型错误</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeAsType_NotSupport_Object" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>{Type}.AsType 参数不支持指定为 object</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="TypeError_CannotUse_IncludeMany" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>类型 {typeofFullName} 错误，不能使用 IncludeMany</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Unable_Parse_Expression" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法解析表达式：{exp}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Unable_Parse_ExpressionMethod" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>无法解析表达式方法 {exp3tmpCallMethodName}</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="Use_InsertDict_Method" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>请使用 fsql.InsertDict(dict) 方法插入字典数据</value>
+  </data>
+</root>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/FreeSql/Properties/Resources.tt b/FreeSql/Properties/Resources.tt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bbd73833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/FreeSql/Properties/Resources.tt
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+<#@ template hostspecific="true" #>
+<#@ assembly name="System.Core" #>
+<#@ assembly name="EnvDTE" #>
+<#@ assembly name="System.Windows.Forms" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.Collections" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.Collections.Generic" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.ComponentModel.Design" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.IO" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.Linq" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.Resources" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.Text.RegularExpressions" #>
+<#@ import namespace="EnvDTE" #>
+<#@ import namespace="System.IO" #>
+<#@ import namespace="Microsoft.VisualStudio.TextTemplating" #>
+
+<#
+    var model = LoadResources();
+#>
+// <auto-generated />
+
+using System;
+using System.Reflection;
+using System.Resources;
+using System.Globalization;
+<#
+    if (!model.NoDiagnostics)
+    {
+#>
+using System.Threading;
+<#
+    }
+#>
+
+namespace <#= model.Namespace #>
+{
+<#
+    if (model.Namespace.EndsWith("Internal")
+        || model.AccessModifier == "internal")
+    {
+#>
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     This is an internal API that supports the FreeSql infrastructure and not subject to
+    ///     the same compatibility standards as public APIs. It may be changed or removed without notice in
+    ///     any release. You should only use it directly in your code with extreme caution and knowing that
+    ///     doing so can result in application failures when updating to a new FreeSql release.
+    /// </summary>
+<#
+    }
+    else
+    {
+#>
+    /// <summary>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    String resources used in FreeSql exceptions, etc.
+    ///     </para>
+    ///     <para>
+    ///		    These strings are exposed publicly for use by database providers and extensions.
+    ///         It is unusual for application code to need these strings.
+    ///     </para>
+    /// </summary>
+<#
+    }
+#>
+    <#= model.AccessModifier #> static class <#= model.Class #>
+    {
+        private static readonly ResourceManager _resourceManager = new ResourceManager("<#= model.ResourceName #>", typeof(<#= model.Class #>).Assembly);
+		
+        private static CultureInfo _resourceCulture;
+		
+        /// <summary>
+        ///   重写当前线程的 CurrentUICulture 属性，对
+        ///   使用此强类型资源类的所有资源查找执行重写。
+        /// </summary>
+        public static CultureInfo Culture
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                return _resourceCulture;
+            }
+            set
+            {
+                _resourceCulture = value;
+            }
+        }
+<#
+    foreach (var resource in model.Resources)
+    {
+#>
+
+        /// <summary>
+<#
+        foreach (var line in Lines(resource.Value))
+        {
+#>
+        /// <#= Xml(line) #>
+<#
+        }
+#>
+        /// </summary>
+<#
+            if (resource.Obsolete)
+            {
+#>
+        [Obsolete]
+<#
+            }
+
+            if (resource.Parameters.Any())
+            {
+#>
+        public static string <#= resource.Name #>(<#= List("object ", resource.Parameters.Select(e => e.ParamString)) #>)
+            => string.Format(
+                GetString("<#= resource.Name #>", <#= List(resource.Parameters.Select(e => e.NameOfString)) #>),
+                <#= List(resource.Parameters.Select(e => e.ParamString)) #>);
+<#
+            }
+            else
+            {
+#>
+        public static string <#= resource.Name #>
+            => GetString("<#= resource.Name #>");
+<#
+            }
+        }
+#>
+
+        private static string GetString(string name, params string[] formatterNames)
+        {
+            var value = _resourceManager.GetString(name,_resourceCulture);
+            for (var i = 0; i < formatterNames.Length; i++)
+            {
+                value = value.Replace("{" + formatterNames[i] + "}", "{" + i + "}");
+            }
+
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+<#+
+    ResourceFile LoadResources()
+    {
+        var result = new ResourceFile();
+
+        if (Session.ContainsKey("AccessModifier"))
+        {
+            result.AccessModifier = (string)Session["AccessModifier"];
+        };
+
+        var services = (IServiceProvider)Host;
+        var dte = (DTE)services.GetCOMService(typeof(DTE));
+        if (!Session.TryGetValue("NoDiagnostics", out var noDiagnostics))
+        {
+            noDiagnostics = false;
+        }
+
+        result.NoDiagnostics = (bool)noDiagnostics;
+
+        var resourceFile = (string)Session["ResourceFile"];
+        if (!Path.IsPathRooted(resourceFile))
+        {
+            resourceFile = Host.ResolvePath(resourceFile);
+        }
+
+        var resourceProjectItem = dte.Solution.FindProjectItem(resourceFile);
+        var templateProjectItem = dte.Solution.FindProjectItem(Host.TemplateFile);
+        var project = templateProjectItem.ContainingProject;
+        var rootNamespace = (string)project.Properties.Item("RootNamespace").Value;
+        var resourceDir = Path.GetDirectoryName(resourceFile);
+        var projectDir = (string)project.Properties.Item("FullPath").Value;
+        var resourceNamespace = rootNamespace + "." + resourceDir.Substring(projectDir.Length)
+            .Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '.');
+
+        result.Namespace = (string)resourceProjectItem.Properties.Item("CustomToolNamespace")?.Value;
+        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Namespace))
+        {
+            result.Namespace = resourceNamespace;
+        }
+
+        result.Class = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(resourceFile);
+
+        result.ResourceName = resourceNamespace + "." + result.Class;
+		
+        List<ResXDataNode> sortedResources;
+        using (var reader = new ResXResourceReader(resourceFile.Replace(".resx", ".zh-Hans.resx")))
+        {
+            reader.UseResXDataNodes = true;
+            sortedResources = Enumerable.ToList(
+                from DictionaryEntry r in reader
+                orderby r.Key
+                select (ResXDataNode)r.Value);
+
+            result.Resources = sortedResources
+                .Select(r => new Resource(r))
+                .ToList();
+        }
+
+        using (var writer = new ResXResourceWriter(resourceFile))
+        {
+            foreach (var node in sortedResources)
+                writer.AddResource(node);
+
+            writer.Generate();
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    IEnumerable<string> Lines(string value)
+        => value.Split(new[] { Environment.NewLine }, StringSplitOptions.None);
+
+    string Xml(string value)
+        => value.Replace("<", "&lt;").Replace(">", "&gt;");
+
+    string List(IEnumerable<string> items)
+        => List(null, items);
+
+    string List(string prefix, IEnumerable<string> items, string suffix = null)
+        => string.Join(", ", items.Select(i => prefix + i + suffix));
+
+    class ResourceFile
+    {
+        public string Namespace { get; set; }
+        public string AccessModifier { get; set; } = "public";
+        public string Class { get; set; }
+        public string ResourceName { get; set; }
+        public IEnumerable<Resource> Resources { get; set; }
+        public bool NoDiagnostics { get; set; }
+    }
+
+    class Resource
+    {
+        public Resource(ResXDataNode node)
+        {
+            Name = node.Name;
+            Value = (string)node.GetValue((ITypeResolutionService)null);
+            var parameters = Regex.Matches(Value, @"\{(\w+)\}")
+                .Cast<Match>()
+                .Select(m => m.Groups[1].Value)
+                .Distinct()
+                .Select(n => ("nameof(" + n + ")", n))
+                .ToList();
+
+            foreach (var parameter in parameters.ToList())
+            {
+                var rawString = parameter.Item2;
+                var underscoreIndex = rawString.IndexOf('_');
+                if (underscoreIndex > 0)
+                {
+                    var newIndex = int.Parse(rawString.Substring(0, underscoreIndex));
+                    parameters[newIndex] = ("\"" + rawString + "\"", rawString.Substring(underscoreIndex + 1));
+                }
+            }
+
+            Parameters = parameters;
+
+            var eventInfo = node.Comment.Split(' ');
+            var argumentsRead = 0;
+            if (eventInfo.FirstOrDefault() == "Obsolete")
+            {
+                Obsolete = true;
+                argumentsRead++;
+            }
+
+            Level = eventInfo.Skip(argumentsRead++).FirstOrDefault() ?? "BadLevel";
+            EventId = eventInfo.Skip(argumentsRead++).FirstOrDefault() ?? "BadEventId";
+            Types = eventInfo.Skip(argumentsRead++).ToList();
+        }
+
+        public string Name { get; }
+        public string Value { get; }
+        public string EventId { get; }
+        public string Level { get; }
+        public bool Obsolete { get; }
+        public IEnumerable<(string NameOfString, string ParamString)> Parameters { get; }
+        public IEnumerable<string> Types { get; }
+    }
+#>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse/ClickHouseExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse/ClickHouseExpression.cs
index 77a6dfea..b030df44 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse/ClickHouseExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ClickHouse/ClickHouseExpression.cs
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.ClickHouse
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         if (exp.Arguments.Count == 1) return ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp.Arguments[0], tsc);
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/Curd/DamengInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/Curd/DamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
index 345da6bc..48cadbbc 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/Curd/DamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/Curd/DamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Dameng.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/DamengExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/DamengExpression.cs
index 87d0a74b..cea449c3 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/DamengExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Dameng/DamengExpression.cs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Dameng
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/Curd/FirebirdInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/Curd/FirebirdInsertOrUpdate.cs
index 82d36273..83ef5230 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/Curd/FirebirdInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/Curd/FirebirdInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Firebird.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/FirebirdExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/FirebirdExpression.cs
index f5c55353..f19f2815 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/FirebirdExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Firebird/FirebirdExpression.cs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Firebird
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/Curd/GBaseInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/Curd/GBaseInsertOrUpdate.cs
index afc8a674..7b03afdf 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/Curd/GBaseInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/Curd/GBaseInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.GBase.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/GBaseExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/GBaseExpression.cs
index 09ab3304..bcee848a 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/GBaseExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.GBase/GBaseExpression.cs
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.GBase
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES/KingbaseESExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES/KingbaseESExpression.cs
index a35cc007..2407ed64 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES/KingbaseESExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.KingbaseES/KingbaseESExpression.cs
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.KingbaseES
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MsAccess/MsAccessExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MsAccess/MsAccessExpression.cs
index f84d795f..ff8fba6b 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MsAccess/MsAccessExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MsAccess/MsAccessExpression.cs
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.MsAccess
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), exp.Arguments.Select(a => a.Type).ToArray());
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MySql/MySqlExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MySql/MySqlExpression.cs
index 57aee99b..837682d4 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MySql/MySqlExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.MySql/MySqlExpression.cs
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.MySql
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         if (exp.Arguments.Count == 1) return ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp.Arguments[0], tsc);
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/Curd/OdbcDamengInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/Curd/OdbcDamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
index a6422179..7863330c 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/Curd/OdbcDamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/Curd/OdbcDamengInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.Dameng
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/OdbcDamengExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/OdbcDamengExpression.cs
index dcefdd6b..0cd91f0f 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/OdbcDamengExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Dameng/OdbcDamengExpression.cs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.Dameng
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/KingbaseES/OdbcKingbaseESExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/KingbaseES/OdbcKingbaseESExpression.cs
index cb33402c..1b881d30 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/KingbaseES/OdbcKingbaseESExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/KingbaseES/OdbcKingbaseESExpression.cs
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.KingbaseES
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/MySql/OdbcMySqlExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/MySql/OdbcMySqlExpression.cs
index a0734a6d..1536aa33 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/MySql/OdbcMySqlExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/MySql/OdbcMySqlExpression.cs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.MySql
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         if (exp.Arguments.Count == 1) return ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp.Arguments[0], tsc);
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/Curd/OdbcOracleInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/Curd/OdbcOracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
index 70666350..f60feef5 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/Curd/OdbcOracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/Curd/OdbcOracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.Oracle
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/OdbcOracleExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/OdbcOracleExpression.cs
index 9db90126..3a00f03c 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/OdbcOracleExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/Oracle/OdbcOracleExpression.cs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.Oracle
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/PostgreSQL/OdbcPostgreSQLExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/PostgreSQL/OdbcPostgreSQLExpression.cs
index d9dedb29..5b63b740 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/PostgreSQL/OdbcPostgreSQLExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/PostgreSQL/OdbcPostgreSQLExpression.cs
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.PostgreSQL
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/Curd/OdbcSqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/Curd/OdbcSqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
index 8f090733..df3af8a1 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/Curd/OdbcSqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/Curd/OdbcSqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.SqlServer
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder();
                 if (IdentityColumn != null) sb.Append("SET IDENTITY_INSERT ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" ON;\r\n");
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/OdbcSqlServerExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/OdbcSqlServerExpression.cs
index ebafc373..b2c41697 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/OdbcSqlServerExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Odbc/SqlServer/OdbcSqlServerExpression.cs
@@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Odbc.SqlServer
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), exp.Arguments.Select(a => a.Type).ToArray());
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgs0 = ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp.Arguments[0], tsc);
                         if (exp.Arguments.Count == 1) return expArgs0;
                         var nchar = expArgs0.StartsWith("N'") ? "N" : "";
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/Curd/OracleInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/Curd/OracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
index f1b09eaa..43b29199 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/Curd/OracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/Curd/OracleInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Oracle.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/OracleExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/OracleExpression.cs
index 751eb5f4..e6c33785 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/OracleExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Oracle/OracleExpression.cs
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Oracle
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL/PostgreSQLExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL/PostgreSQLExpression.cs
index dedd5ef3..524b550a 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL/PostgreSQLExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.PostgreSQL/PostgreSQLExpression.cs
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.PostgreSQL
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/Curd/ShenTongInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/Curd/ShenTongInsertOrUpdate.cs
index c4ddcd7f..53ab6a47 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/Curd/ShenTongInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/Curd/ShenTongInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.ShenTong.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder().Append("MERGE INTO ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" t1 \r\nUSING (");
                 WriteSourceSelectUnionAll(data, sb, dbParams);
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/ShenTongExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/ShenTongExpression.cs
index 70d9c334..581a78da 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/ShenTongExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.ShenTong/ShenTongExpression.cs
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.ShenTong
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                              (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/Curd/SqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/Curd/SqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
index b999844c..3fc99fd1 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/Curd/SqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/Curd/SqlServerInsertOrUpdate.cs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.SqlServer.Curd
 
             string getMergeSql(List<T1> data)
             {
-                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception($"InsertOrUpdate 功能执行 merge into 要求实体类 {_table.CsName} 必须有主键");
+                if (_table.Primarys.Any() == false) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.InsertOrUpdate_Must_Primary_Key(_table.CsName));
 
                 var sb = new StringBuilder();
                 if (IdentityColumn != null) sb.Append("SET IDENTITY_INSERT ").Append(_commonUtils.QuoteSqlName(TableRuleInvoke())).Append(" ON;\r\n");
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/SqlServerExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/SqlServerExpression.cs
index a0b80ab8..50d58186 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/SqlServerExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.SqlServer/SqlServerExpression.cs
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.SqlServer
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), exp.Arguments.Select(a => a.Type).ToArray());
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgs0 = ExpressionLambdaToSql(exp.Arguments[0], tsc);
                         if (exp.Arguments.Count == 1) return expArgs0;
                         var nchar = expArgs0.StartsWith("N'") ? "N" : "";
diff --git a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite/SqliteExpression.cs b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite/SqliteExpression.cs
index 879b6bc3..53f561f3 100644
--- a/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite/SqliteExpression.cs
+++ b/Providers/FreeSql.Provider.Sqlite/SqliteExpression.cs
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ namespace FreeSql.Sqlite
                     case "Concat":
                         return _common.StringConcat(exp.Arguments.Select(a => getExp(a)).ToArray(), null);
                     case "Format":
-                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception($"未实现函数表达式 {exp} 解析，参数 {exp.Arguments[0]} 必须为常量");
+                        if (exp.Arguments[0].NodeType != ExpressionType.Constant) throw new Exception(CoreStrings.Not_Implemented_Expression_ParameterUseConstant(exp,exp.Arguments[0]));
                         var expArgsHack = exp.Arguments.Count == 2 && exp.Arguments[1].NodeType == ExpressionType.NewArrayInit ?
                             (exp.Arguments[1] as NewArrayExpression).Expressions : exp.Arguments.Where((a, z) => z > 0);
                         //3个 {} 时，Arguments 解析出来是分开的